Analysing The Virtue Of Patience Philosophy Essay

Examining The Virtue Of Patience Philosophy Essay In today s relentless world, where things occur with snap of a catch, we are developing inpatient. Gone are the days when individuals showed restraint enough to trust that days for the PC will deliver the outcomes, today we anticipate that things should occur at speed of thought. We need achievement, cash, satisfaction in a flash without pausing, however too bad! Ask any effective individual and you will know the prudence of tolerance. Old shrewdness like Bhagwat Gita has perceived significance of tolerance through statements like Little by close to nothing, through persistence and rehashed exertion, the brain will become stilled in the Self. In the event that we inspect our self as a piece of nature we will understand that even nature makes change gradually and is very patient. Ralph Waldo Emerson maybe said all that needed to be said in one straightforward line:Adopt the pace of nature, her mystery is tolerance and that persistence can improve life and carry it closer flawlessly in the event that you get nature and work with it calmly. Nature shows tolerance in different structures. For instance: considering the development of seeds into trees-when we plant a seed and water it, it gradually transforms into a blossom and afterward into an organic product. The seed must be planted, watered, and afterward be offered time to develop into what it is intended to be. Without earlier endeavors and without planting or watering or the sustaining the seed would not have sprung over the surface. It couldn't form into its present structure without such tolerance, time and endeavors. So as to have the option to make progress or any objectives we set we need to rehearse tolerance. Tolerance is not the same as pausing. rather we need to accomplish the work first, establish the framework, plant the seed, ensure the dirt is correct get ready prepare and afterward trust that all the components will come into place before settling on the correct choice that will drive us to more prominent achievement. Reasonable Framework Definition: word web characterizes persistence as Good-natured resilience of postponement or inadequacy . Different sources like Webster characterize tolerance as persistence is the condition of perseverance under troublesome conditions. It is additionally used to allude to the character characteristic of being relentless. From the above definitions we can find that tolerance is a condition of enduring in the event that things require some serious energy or get deferred without contrarily responding or getting dismal or feeling provocated, or showing persistence when confronted with troubles which take quite a while. Extension: This investigation centers around significance of tolerance on individual and gathering conduct and execution. Significance of persistence will be concentrated in two measurements, first is the tolerance of trusting that a specific timeframe will end. This is maybe what we regularly mean when we utilize the term persistence. Second, it is keeping one s mind liberated from interruptions. It is maybe just significant when one is having a go at utilizing one s mind on a significant errand that doesn't urge one s feelings. Procedure: Individuals will be talked with freely to get to the ramifications of the persistence in everyday life and execution proficient life. Ramifications of tolerance on bunch execution would be anticipated dependent on the examination and perceptions when all is said in done. Five individuals will be independently met with different profiles across age and calling. They incorporate 3 understudies, one housewife and a bank official. The explanation behind picking individuals with various profile is to see if persistence is a quality predictable across calling or does it differ across sexual orientation or workplace. Audit of Literature: Tolerance: A Little Book of Inner Strength (Eknath Easwaran): the portions of the book giving its encapsulation are presently cited beneath Tolerance is the adornment of the bold, Easwaran s shrewd grandma used to state. Seeing someone, tolerance is the characteristic of affection. An accomplished profound educator who joins humor with reasonableness, Easwaran offers amazing bits of knowledge and now and again astounding guidance for creating tolerance at home and at work. Stories offer calm intervals all through this little book. Stories about creatures, sports stars, and upbeat family trips make these short, shifted readings as engaging as they are informative. Delicate memories of India, stories from Easwaran s Hindu legacy, and motivation from Gandhi and the world s holy people lift our spirits and give us mental fortitude. Simply continue attempting, Easwaran says, and you ll find there s no limit to your understanding no limit to the astuteness, love, and sympathy in your heart. Financial expert Magazine http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=9898270: This article expounds Studies directed to associate unobtrusive human qualities, for example, persistence and decency with that to nearest transformative family members of human, gorillas, for example, chimpanzee. The article specifies that the substance of persistence is the capacity to postpone the delight of a hunger for a more noteworthy extreme prize. Past trial of how much creatures other than individuals can defer their delight have concentrated on fowls and monkeys. The two gatherings can postpone delight if a greater prize is on offer, however just for a couple of moments. Human, All Too Human: in this paper, logician Friedrich Nietzsche contended that - Being ready to hold up is difficult to such an extent that the best writers didn't scorn to make the failure to hold up the subject of their verse. He takes note of that Passion won't pause, and gives the case of instances of duels, where the encouraging companions host to decide if the gatherings included may have the option to hold up some time longer. On the off chance that they can't, at that point a duel is sensible [because]to hold up is keep enduring the repulsive torment of outraged respect. Persistence and Religion: Source: Wikipedia.org: Patience is one of most significant excellence as perceived by the vast majority of the significant religions. o Judaism: Patience and courage are unmistakable topics in Judaism. The Talmud praises tolerance as a significant individual characteristic. o Christianity: In the Christian religion, persistence is considered as a truly important righteousness that it proliferates individuals to assimilate. Expanding tolerance is seen as crafted by the Holy Ghost in the Christianity. This heavenly God who has acknowledged the endowment of salvation. Tolerance is additionally viewed as one of the seven temperances in Christianity which are- - nearby modesty, - moderation, - good cause, - perseverance, - thoughtfulness, and - lowliness o Islam: Patience in Islam is truly outstanding and most significant ideals of life. Through tolerance, a Muslim accepts that an individual can develop nearer to Allah and therefore achieve genuine harmony. o Eastern Religion: In Buddhism, tolerance (Skt.: kshanti; Pali: khanti) is one of the consummations that a bodhisattva prepares in and practices to acknowledge flawless illumination otherwise called Bodhi. Persistence is additionally lauded in Hinduism, especially in the Bhagavad Gita. In both Hinduism and Buddhism there is a specific accentuation on reflection which prompts tolerance, and a compelling and efficient idea. Mending Anger: The Power of Patience from a Buddhist Perspective: This book is composed by Dalai Lama. In this book he has endeavored to address the issue of outrage. He contends that the issue of outrage can be cured through persistence. He has proposed some reflection rehearses in any event, for beginner individuals. The book is by all accounts hard to follow on the off chance that one isn't a lot of acquainted with Buddhist sacred writing. Experimental Study and Generalization: Information Collection strategy utilized: Interview. To consider the ramifications of persistence on people, I conveyed meeting of people with various social and expert foundation. The meeting comprised set of 10 inquiries and the appropriate responses were first recorded and afterward examined to take prompts and afterward finding the similitudes and dissimilarities over the appropriate responses of the interviewees. The 10 inquiries utilized for this investigation are given underneath Q1. Do you get nervous if things that you need don't occur or set aside a ton of effort to occur? Q2. For what reason do you carry on the manner in which you do? Q3. Is it accurate to say that you are persistent in each circumstance the same or does your conduct relies upon certain components? Q4. Do you believe showing restraint makes a difference? Q5. At whatever point you show restraint is it since you feel it will help make things right for example had you realized that circumstance is most likely going to decline and you would t be able to help in a circumstance will you despite everything attempt to show restraint? Q6. Did you create tolerance through a mind-blowing span in view of specific episodes/encounters or have you generally shown restraint Q7. How would you respond in the event that somebody is being eager or anxious before you? Q8. What is your effect on others when they act eagerly, do you discover accomplishment in persuading them about not being fretful? Q9. Do you take any endeavors to be increasingly tolerant (like thinking, yoga and so forth?) Q10. When are you ordinarily increasingly fretful? While foreseeing beneficial things or when you feel terrible things may occur Discoveries of study and Generalization Interviewee A: This individual seems, by all accounts, to be restless; she comprehends the significance of tolerance and is prepared to help other people on the off chance that they are eager. She does not have the inspiration to be understanding however might want to acquire strategies like yoga to gain self power. She would need to learn contemplation, self inspiration to act understanding in great and terrible circumstance. Interviewee B: This individual shows up more patient than the others. He has built up his understanding through the span of life. He is firm adherent to god and has figured out how to acknowledge which are out of hand. He esteems individual connections over realism and consequently whatever restlessness he encounters is just bound to individual issues which are near his heart. Interviewee C: She rehearses yoga to increase discretion. She has created persistence in the wake of bearing the obligation of more youthful kin. She seems to acknowledge beneficial thing and don't appear over excitement. She needs to figure out how to support other fretful individuals. She knows her degree of tolerance and has clear objectives and targets. Interviewee D: She being housewife has more consideration about family. She has acknowledged her job as hom

Maiden Voyage Essay

The given section taken from Denton Welch’s Maiden Voyage begins with a reasonable and brief explanation that welcomes center around essentially three subtleties, the first being that the essayist is an enthusiastic and free outsider or as it were, a social butterfly, the second and third being that the time is morning and there are two additional characters, Mr Butler and Mr Roote included individually. Mr Butler obviously cautions the author that ‘foreigners are not welcome here’ and he ought to ideally avoid the locals’ way. This reveals to us that the Chinese lean toward being disengaged and like blending among themselves. This announcement is very unexpected in light of the fact that Mr Butler himself appears as though he is of English cause. No friendly explorer might want hearing this and normally the author doesn’t like being restricted between the four dividers of the room when he could be doing a few other outside exercises. The author additionally utilizes forceful enthusiastic language, for example, ‘hated’, ‘fiercely’ and ‘brooding’ to strengthen this. The imagery of the ‘moth eaten ball and the old tennis racket’ educates the peruser that scarcely anybody utilizes the athletic gear. The inconceivably insubordinate author vents outs his indignation by striking these old destroyed balls wildly against the steady entryways. It is this absence of fervor that drives the difficult essayist to inconvenience. Assume control over stupidly escapes out in the open country. While this departure from drudgery is occurring, Mr Butler and Mr Roote are so profoundly engaged in their own discussion that they neglect to understand that the essayist is fleeing. To the peruser, this plainly recommends they are content not to look outside their own reality and have not proceeded onward from this morning’s discussion while the author then again has. The essayist utilizes baffling and colorful language to portray the nation. The still quietness, the hot sand, the ‘stunted bushes’ left the essayist overpowered perhaps in light of the fact that he was utilized to a totally extraordinary scene. The grass is tall, tall enough for an individual to stow away and was likewise depicted as ‘rank’ possibly on the grounds that it had an odor to it and furthermore, the way that it was as ‘sharp as knives’ made it much increasingly hard just as perilous to stroll on. ‘The soles of my shoes started to burn’ recommends that temperatures were high, sufficiently high to leave the essayist got dried out and depleted. The peruser is deserted with a picture like that of that of a fantasy, a hot dream.

What Every Body Is Saying About 1 Page Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why

<h1>What Every Body Is Saying About 1 Page Essay Topics Is Dead Wrong and Why </h1> <h2> The Page Essay Topics Cover Up </h2> <p>There's, clearly, a breaking point on the scope of pages even our best journalists can deliver with a squeezing cutoff time, yet generally, we make sense of how to fulfill all the customers looking for pressing help. When you pick the strategy you have to focus on, you at that point need to gain a rundown of steps expected to accomplish the points of the action. Along these lines, it's imperative to peruse relating organizing guide.</p> <p>The halfback field contains a quarterback that is the pioneer of the gathering, a half back and a total back. All things considered, the answer isn't excessively clear here. You require an exact and clear answer, and we are set up to offer it to you. </p> <p>Luckily, you have our top-class gathering of journalists who can help understudies and show them how to choose the most reasonable paper bearing. By the second you finish a truly long sentence, you could have just overlooked what was toward its beginning! Another explanation is to see how well understudies contend on different perspectives and exhibit comprehension of the contemplated subject. Numerous understudies imagine that it is an exercise in futility. </p> <p>Year round school is certainly not a smart thought. Each family needs to have an all-cataclysmic event endurance program. Guardians ought to address kids about medications at a young age. </p> <p>Life is obviously better than it was 50 decades prior. School ought to occur in the nighttimes. Schools ought to take out class ventures since they're futile. </p> <h2>1 Page Essay Topics: No Longer a Mystery </h2> <p>Respecting others is very significant when you wish to get regarded. Understudies should be allowed to implore in school. Guardians of menaces should need to pay a fine. School tests aren't incredible. </p> <h2> The Nuiances of 1 Page Essay Topics</h2> <p>After you are done with the significant part, wrap this up with an end. In the occasion the one-page order isn't strict, at that point it's conceivable to trade the commentaries for a reference page, however you need to even now turn around indent them. Another point to consider is the thing that kind of article you will pick. </p> <p>Learning about APA style will be a very remunerating experience for you, as you will be in a situation to answer it in all your next composing assignments. Each style varies in two different ways. </p> <p>Although the subject of your article capacities as the title, the title some portion of your paper contains a few extra components. This rundown of subjects may gracefully a thought you could get amped up for. While using an alternate cover sheet, the title is the underlying data with respect to the page and on a level plane focused at about the top third of the website page. In certain examples the writer may be an association or division, henceforth the expressing of their name will complete the APA paper design. </p> <p>The peruser should be intrigued by how you guard your thoughts. The arrangement can be adjusted dependent on the nature and the subject of a tweaked exposition. The arrangement of the works refered to page likewise shifts dependent on the kind of reference utilized inside your text.</p>

HW Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

HW - Assignment Example Client recognizable proof projects are likewise normally secured as a method of keeping up morals on the net. Organizations are likewise quick to discharge any of the significant data viewed as business security and such data are ordinarily ensured with passwords and treats which keep programmers from acquiring them (Mason pg 7). 3. Because of quick advancement in innovation organizations are compelled to change quickly with the changes. Virtual Private Network is valuable in stretching out private system across to the open which helps in sharing of information across open and private systems. Through intermediary servers most organizations have embraced the utilization of Wide Area Network as a methods for quicker correspondence. 4. Interruption Detection Systems have flopped as in they neglect to bring cautions up if there should arise an occurrence of a hacking methodology starts. IDS can't work better since they just rely upon either signature coordinating or variation from the norm to recognize an assault. Nonetheless, this isn't ordinarily done quicker because of the single lines that the framework uses and subsequently may take a more extended time before identification of any assault. Programmers have checked the utilization of muddling, fracture, encryption, and over-burdening as a methods for misusing IDS. 5. IPsec isn't utilized wherever since it should be imperceptible to the clients. More often than not if IPsec is under use it is generally imperceptible to the author of the internet browser just as the web server. This is generally done by the web head. Also it requires a ton of set up to work well since it performs better at framework level and not the application

Virtual Perceptorship Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Virtual Perceptorship Nursing - Essay Example From the examination, eminent discoveries were that; over the investigation time frame, ladies over 35 years expanded their pace of conveyance by more than 84 % while for ladies over 40 years, their conveyances expanded by over 100%; The commonness of smoking in ladies diminished from 32.7% in 1988 to underneath 25.1% in 2001; pervasiveness of ladies beneath 20 years remained nearly the equivalent during the examination time frame at half; there was an expansion in the extent of ladies with a pre pregnancy weight addition of more than 90 kilograms over the investigation time frame; There was a likewise an expansion in extent of ladies with a pregnancy weight increase over the examination time frame. At last, nulliparity expanded fundamentally over the examination time frame. From the investigation, the examination group presumed that, emotional changes have happened in maternal qualities in Nova Scotia, throughout the years somewhere in the range of 1988 and 2001. From the anticipate d changes, it is apparent that these progressions are on-going. The examination group likewise reasoned that, if these maternal qualities keep changing into the future, it will influence perinatal wellbeing and obstetric practice. This is on the grounds that; maternal qualities are known lists of obstetric practice, perinatal mortality and horribleness (Bianco, 1996). Research Critique This exploration has been done capably and adequately. The timeframe that the exploration group utilized was adequate enough to achieve the vital outcomes and potential ends. The examination was led on Nova Scotia ladies in a timespan of 14 years. This significant stretch of time picked has made the examination capable as in it gave the exploration group adequate time to investigate the picked maternal attributes which are helpful files of obstetric practice and perinatal consideration. Another factor that has made the exploration capable is that ladies picked were of shifting age gatherings. This has empowered the examination group to maintain a strategic distance from inclination in their discoveries since one finding might be normal for a specific age gathering and not the other. For instance, smoking predominance was evaluated in ladies beneath 20 years and those over 35 years. It was discovered that the predominance didn't change a lot over the multi year time span in ladies underneath 20 years while it expanded massively in ladies over 35 years. The information of the examination is dependable and this has guaranteed that the discoveries are steady with the accessible information. The agent test picked was ladies in Nova Scotia who had conceived an offspring somewhere in the range of 1988 and 2001. The information was gotten from the Nova Scotia Atlee Perinatal Database (NSAPD), a trustworthy association that has for quite a long time gathered precise information on births in Nova Scotia since 1988. Its staff are very much prepared so that there are no mistakes during information assortment works out. Subsequently, discoveries on the examination are profoundly exact and state-of-the-art, and they speak to the truth on the ground. The detailed discoveries from the examination in Nova Scotia are predictable with data accessible on the topic. All the more as of late, concentrates in western nations show that maternal qualiti es are changing, and this pattern is stressing social insurance specialists (Edwards, 1996). For instance, pre pregnancy weight gain has been seen to increment in different ladies, and this is stressing in light of the fact that unfriendly weight gains in pregnancy are related with unfavorable birth results. Ongoing discoveries state that

Cigarettes Are Hazardous to Your Health

Cigarettes Are Hazardous to Your Health Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes Print Cigarettes and Your Health By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on February 29, 2016 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 07, 2020 Peter Dazeley / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use The Inside of Cigarettes After You Quit How to Quit Smoking Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery A cigarette is a cylindrical roll of shredded or ground tobacco that is wrapped in paper or another substance that does not contain tobacco. Many manufactured cigarettes also have filters on one end that are intended to trap some of the toxic chemicals contained in cigarette smoke. Whats in a Cigarette? Depending on the type of cigarette, the ingredients will vary somewhat. Commercially produced cigarettes manufactured by one of the Big Tobacco companies can and do contain hundreds of additives on top of the tobacco thats in the cigarettes. Some additives are used as flavoring agents, but others, like  ammonia, are added to boost the effect that nicotine has on the smoker. Additives are also used to do things like keep the tobacco moist and extend shelf life. In April of 1994, five of the big tobacco companies in the United States provided the U.S. Dept of Health and Human Services with a list of 599 potential additives used in manufacturing their cigarettes. They were required to do this because of a Federal court ruling. In June of 2009, the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act was passed, placing requirements on tobacco companies to report all ingredients used in cigarettes and other tobacco products.  This includes amounts used in individual recipes.  New products must be submitted for approval before going to market. Hand-rolled or roll your own cigarettes  use loose tobacco. They dont contain all of the additives that traditional cigarettes do, but they are hazardous to health, as well. The Sneaky Reasons Behind Some Cigarette Additives Cigarette Smoke Cigarette smoke is a complex mix of more than 7,000 chemicals.  Some are produced by the additives listed above, some from pesticides that are used in the tobacco farming process, some are formed when those additives are heated and/or burned, and some are formed when burning chemicals combine, producing yet more unique chemicals. To date, 250 poisonous chemicals have been identified in cigarette smoke, and 70 carcinogens. How Long Have Cigarettes Been Around? Mayan Indians may have been the first people to smoke tobacco in the Americas. Images of tobacco use have been found carved into stone that date to 600 to 900 A.D. North American Indians have long smoked pipes filled with tobacco as part of religious ceremonies and medical purposes. Smoking was not a daily activity, rather, it was filled with special meaning. Cigarette smoking became a popular activity with men in the early 1900s, but it wasnt until World War I and World War II that it really took off.  Cigarette companies gave soldiers free cigarettes  and marketed them to women back home as well. By 1944, cigarette manufacturing was a 300 billion dollar industry. At that time, servicemen consumed approximately 75% of the cigarettes produced. By 1964 however, concerns over the health effects of smoking were surfacing. The U.S. Surgeons General published a report about the dangers of smoking and not long after, Congress passed the  Cigarette Labeling and Advertising Act. It said that every cigarette pack must have a warning label on its side stating Cigarettes may be hazardous to your health. Today, cigarette smoking is on the wane in many parts of the world, but plenty of cultures still smoke with few, if any legislative restrictions on them. As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. Its likely that cigarette consumption will continue to decrease as more and more people understand the tremendous health hazards they pose. The 599 Ingredients and Additives in Cigarettes

Discuss Acts Of Kindness Main Targeted Parts Happiness - 825 Words

Discuss Acts Of Kindness: Main Targeted Parts Happiness (Essay Sample) Content: Acts of KindnessNameInstitution AffiliationDate of SubmissionIntroductionKindness is a behavior which is noticeable by ethical traits, a pleasing nature, as well as a concern for other people. Kindness is recognized as a virtue, and it is identified as a value in most religions and cultures ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "ISBN" : "1-4338-1323-8", "abstract" : "Loving-kindness and compassion are popular anchors of meditation in Buddhism. The two are among the four sublime states or immeasurables. Loving-kindness is a very specific feeling. It is a selfless caring for the well-being of another regardless of the person\u2019s personal attributes or behavior. This practice helps the individual to refrain from being offensive, bitter, and resentful and instead to develop a mind of friendliness, accommodativeness, and benevolence that seeks the well-being and happiness of others. This chapter discusses loving-kindness within the c ontext of a mindfulness practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Ameli", "given" : "Rezvan", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "25 lessons in mindfulness: Now time for healthy living.", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "220-228", "title" : "Loving-kindness.", "type" : "chapter" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=d790c0eb-ecb2-4f3b-86be-218d4e36de18" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Ameli, 2014)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Ameli, 2014)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Ameli, 2014)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Ameli, 2014). Kindness is defined as being helpfulness towards someone in need, not in return for anything, nor for the advantage of the helper himself, but for that of the per son helped.Acts of KindnessKindness is a virtue and someone show not expect something in return ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "ISBN" : "14656523", "ISSN" : "14656523", "PMID" : "1350472786", "abstract" : "When you think of business, kindness is not the first trait that comes to mind. The benefits of kindness, however, have the power to transform an organisation and enrich the lives of its employees. Kindness has consequences that go far beyond warm feelings. By creating a kindness culture in the workplace, stress is reduced, relationships are fostered, health is increased and ultimately engagement is encouraged.", "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Buggey", "given" : "Hattie", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Training Journal", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2013" ] ] }, "page" : "33-36", "title" : "Small acts of kindness", "type" : "article-j ournal" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=ad18f47d-2421-4f1c-a0b8-0885623fee27" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Buggey, 2013)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Buggey, 2013)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Buggey, 2013)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Buggey, 2013). There are countless occasions that I have ever been kind to a person, but I will just mention a few of them in this paper. I believe that kindness is a virtue and it does not need training for someone to be kind to others. Some years back, a bought a Christmas gift to one of the elderly people in my community. The older adult was a woman who was very old, and none of her family members came to visit her not even her children during Christmas day. I took some shopping to her including some clothes and I also included some flowers to show love. I have never seen a happy person ever in my life like that wom an. I was sure enough that she felt lonely and sad since no one was concerned about her and what she could eat on Christmas day. Evidently, Christmas is a day to share with anyone, and I am sure I shared even love with that elderly woman. On another occasion, I have ever shown kindness by offering to pay bus fare for a young man who was on a bus, and he did not have enough money in his pocket. The driver was almost getting mad at the young man, and he wanted to throw him out of the bus because he thought he was pretending not to have bus fare. Another act of kindness that I have shown to someone is buying a pair of shoe to a person in the street who seemed to be homeless, and he was just walking barefooted. Again, I have ever helped a mother carrying her baby to open a closed door in some apartment. She was struggling to open, yet she was holding some ice cream in one hand and carrying to baby on the other hand. Last, I have ever checked on someone who was not even a close friend on Mothers day, and she had just lost her mother in the previous month.All my acts of kindness have an impact on someone and me. To many, I impact them positively and help them in my occasions out of kindness. To some, I help them when they are in a fix, and they do not know what to do next like the man in the bus who did not have enough bus fare. To me, it inspires me to continue being kind because at the end I receive more than I give at the end of it all. I am sure I do not show kindness and expect something in return because in several occasions I help those individuals who cannot even afford to offer something back. I believe if I was to show kindness to others and expect something in return then that may not be kindness and it could be something else like show off.HappinessResearch defines happiness as an emotional or mental state of well-being which is defined by pleasant or positive emotions extending from satisfaction to intense joy. Mental states of happiness can also replic ate judgments by an indi...

The No Child Left Behind Act Essay - 1392 Words

Through the discussions of the privatization movement in a variety of school and educational contexts: from the consequences of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB), the promotion of â€Å"school choice† in the form of school vouchers and private charter schools, to the growth in non-profit colleges and technical programs, there has been benefits offered to students, families, and schools from the movement. On the other hand, privatization also further exacerbate inequalities and the economic precarity of students and families. Focusing closely with the passing of the NCLB and charter schools, through this process of discussing the impacts of the privatization movement, I will also discuss why I am against privatization. The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001 was a U.S. Act of Congress, which reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, and effectively scaled up the federal role in holding schools accountable for student outcomes. According to Alyson Klein from an article called â€Å"No Child Left Behind: An Overview,† she explained that the NCLB’s purpose and goal was to advance American competitiveness and close the achievement gap between poor and minority students and their more advantaged peers. Overtime, the NCLB had a tremendous impact on teaching, learning, and school improvement, and with that, it also became increasingly controversial with educators and the general public (Klein, â€Å"No Child†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). The NCLB with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act had aShow MoreRelatedNo Child Left Behind Act1621 Words   |  7 Pages The support for the No Child Left Behind Act plummeted down shortly after the act passed. Many people supported the act at first simply because they supported the goals of the act, once they saw the results, their opinions changed. One of the biggest arguments towards No Child Left Behind is that it is unfair. People believed the resources of difference schools were unequal, and thought the Title 1 funding that the schools received should go to ensuring all schools had equal resources. Many peopleRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1670 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review: Every Student Succeeds Act Suzanne Hatton, BSW, LSW University of Kentucky-SW 630 Abstract This literature review seeks to explore the Every Student Succeeds Act (2015), a bipartisan reauthorization and revision to the No Child Left Behind Act (2002). The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) is the first law passed in fourteen years to address Reneeded changes to the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB). Considered progressive and innovative at the time of itsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act875 Words   |  4 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act â€Å"NCLB† was a bill passed by the Senate in 2001 and signed into law by President George W. Bush on January 8, 2002. It was a revision of the Elementary and Secondary Act â€Å"ESEA† of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson. The NCLB was intended to help children in lower-income families achieve the same standard of education as children in higher income families. This was done by the federal government providing extra finances for Title I schools in exchange for a rise in academicRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1418 Wor ds   |  6 Pagessystematic oppression. The flowing water of oppression floods poor schools; drowning students with dreams, and giving no mercy. The only ones safe from the water are the privileged, who are oblivious to the fact that it exists. George Bush s No Child Left Behind Act, which passed in 2002, mandated annual standardized testing in math and reading. If schools received insufficient scores, they were punished or shut down. This fueled the construed concept that a school is only doing well if the students haveRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act Essay921 Words   |  4 Pagesuccessful at it. (Source 7) Next, the â€Å"No Child left behind Act† it was signed by President George W. Bush and it passed with bipartisan support on Jan. 8, 2002. This Act states that there will be mandated annual testing in the subject reading and math and science. In the grades 3-8 and 10th grade. It shows the Adequate Yearly Progress of each school in the system of the United States. (source 1) The biggest point of this Act is that no child is â€Å"trapped in a failing school† (source 1). That eachRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act2120 Words   |  9 PagesWhen President George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) into law in 2002, the legislation had one goal-- to improve educational equity for all students in the United States by implementing standards for student achievement and school district and teacher performance. Before the No Child Left Behind Act, the program of study for most schools was developed and implemented by individual states and local communities†™ school boards. Proponents of the NCLB believed that lax oversightRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1988 Words   |  8 PagesJanuary 8, 2002, George W. Bush signed the No Child Left Behind Act into law (also known as the NCLB). The No Child Left Behind Act was the latest reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, a federal education bill addressing the nation’s schools. At his signing ceremony, Bush stated, â€Å"There’s no greater challenge than to make sure that every child—and all of us on this stage mean every child, not just a few children—every single child, regardless of where they live, how they’reRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe No Child Left Behind Act was the biggest educational step taken by president Bush and his administration. Its main goal included the increase of achievement in education and completely eliminate the gap between different racial and ethnic grou ps. Its strategies had a major focus on uplifting test scores in schools, hiring â€Å"highly qualified teachers† and deliver choices in education. Unluckily, the excessive demands of the law have not succeeded in achieving the goals that were set, and have causedRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act1747 Words   |  7 PagesNo Child Left Behind Introduction The No Child Left Behind Act (NALB) was signed into law by the former President of the United States George Walker Bush on the 8th of January 2002. It was a congressional attempt to encourage student achievement through some reforms focused on elementary and secondary education programs in the United States. The NCLB requires that within a decade all students including those with disabilities to perform at a proficient level on their state academic evaluation testsRead MoreThe No Child Left Behind Act1124 Words   |  5 PagesChristian J. Green Dr. Shoulders NCLB and ESSA 28 February 2016 The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) was authorized by and signed into law in 2002. NCLB was a reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) of 1965. NCLB was meant to hold schools to higher standards, enforce accountability, and close achievement gaps that had existed in education since ESEA was enacted. Nevertheless, the rigorous standards and goals set forth under NCLB were never attained. ESEA Flexibility could

Essay on The Death of Alexander the Great - 7402 Words

In the year 324 BC, Alexander, on the way to Babylon, came to his traditional summer retreat of Ecbatana. There, he held a massive festival in honor of Dionysus in which it is believed up to 3,000 Greek performers were brought to provide entertainment. Night after night, lavish drinking parties ensued in which Alexander and Hephaestion, (his supposed alter ego) undoubtedly participated in. It was during this time of extravagant celebration that Hephaestion became ill and contracted a high fever. Hephaestions physician Glaucias put him on a strict diet and monitored his health. At first, this appeared to be working until on the seventh day of Hephaestions illness, Glaucias went to the theater and Hephaestion decided to ignore the†¦show more content†¦Hephaestion, being Commander of the Companion Cavalry, had his post retired, as no man was ever officially appointed to take his place.. Alexander, then sent envoys to the Siwah, to the oracle of Ammon, to inquire if Hephaes tion should be worshipped as a god. The oracle refused permission but allowed the sacrifice appropriate to a hero to be offered to Hephaestion. Arrian says ..the death of Hephaestion had proved a great misfortune to Alexander himself, and Alexander, I believe, would have preferred to have gone first himself rather than experience it during his lifetime (7.16.8). Both Arrian and Plutarch site the Royal Journal as their trusted source on the days leading to Alexanders death. On May 29, 323 BC, while holding a banquet for his admiral Nearchus, he was approached by his trusted friend Medius who invited him to a late party. There, they engaged in heavy drinking. On the 30th, he dined with Medius and drank heavily once more. Feeling that a bit feverish, he slept in the bathing house that night to cool off. On the 31st he had to be transported on a litter across the Euphrates to a more pleasant atmosphere. Over the next few days, his condition worsened and was finally brought back to the palace. He was barely able to speak by June 7th. It is believed that he gave his ring to Perdiccas, a senior marshal, to take care of business in theShow MoreRelatedA Report On Alexander The Great Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesSynopsis I did my this day in history report on Alexander the Great. Alexander the great is known for many things. He was king of Macedonia, a military genius, and the greatest conqueror of all time-to name a few. Alexander was taught by many great minds, perhaps most responsible for his greatness was Aristotle. Alexander was given many hard tasks and tremendous responsibilities as a child and teen, which he carried out with ease. As an adult king, Alexander ruled over Macedonia and kept it safe fromRead MoreThe Hero: Alexander the Great1393 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hero: Alexander the Great In the month of October the great King of Macedonia, Alexander the Great, was born. He was the son of Philip II, who is considered as an excellent general of Macedonia, and princess Olympias of Epirus. He inherited the best qualities and character of both of his parents. His father possessed strong and determined abilities of a real general and his mother was unreliable and out of control. Throughout his childhood, most of his friends were women. Lanice, who is a nurseRead MoreAlexander The Great : Alexander The Great And The Persian Empire930 Words   |  4 PagesAlexander the Great was skilled and respected military leader. After inheriting the throne from his father, King Philip II, Alexander would go on to conquer the Persian Empire, unite Greece and spread Hellenistic views across Greece. Alexander being the son of a king was born into royalty. In fact, he had the pleasure of having the great Aristotle as his teacher. It was Aristotle’s job to teach Alexander what he nee d to know in order to later conquer the Persian Empire and to teach him the importanceRead MoreKing Alexander Lll : King Of The Western World1168 Words   |  5 PagesHead: KING ALEXANDER lll King Alexander lll of Macedon: King of the Western World William Crook Lincoln Charter School October 20, 2014 Mr Thomas Honors World History King Alexander lll 2 King Alexander lll of Macedon was the best leader during his time, and he soon became the king of all western civilization, before he was 30 years old. Alexander accomplished greater things than not only of the kings who had lived before him, but also of those who came after him. Alexander lll ofRead MoreA Very Brief Biography of Alexander the Great677 Words   |  3 PagesAlexander the great’s death was the cause of the fall of the Macedonian empire. Four of the reasons that prove this are, Alexander’s last words were â€Å"to the strongest†. He was an amazing leader. He knew about military since he was young. Alexander had a great father to look up to. Alexander the great was born in 356 B.C. His mother was Olympia’s, and his father was Philip, although Olympia said to Alexander that his real father was Zeus. â€Å"When Alexander was 13, the famous Greek philosopher AristotleRead MoreEssay on Ghost on the Throne Book Review1587 Words   |  7 Pageson the Throne with the purpose to inform the reader of Alexander the Great and the empire he established, with the ensuing chaos the came after when Alexander tragically died at a young age. The book was organized somewhat chronologically, starting from opening the tombs in which Alexander was buried and how he fell ill, to the closing of the tombs and a reflection of the fall of his empire. Romm tried to answer the question of how Alexander died, providing multiple theories of how and why he diedRead MoreAlexander The Great : Why Is Alexander Considered Great?1669 Words   |  7 PagesALEXANDER THE GREAT Why is alexander considered great? Alexander III of Macedon or commonly known as Alexander the Great was the conqueror and king of the Persian Empire which is the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. He was born on the 20/21st July 356 BC in Pella, the ancient capital of Macedonia. While in reign from 336 to 323 B.C, he united the Greek city-states and led the Corinthian League. He also became the king of Persia, Babylon and Asia as well as created Macedonian colonies in the regionRead MoreSources Of Information About Alexander The Great1599 Words   |  7 PagesAlexander the great 1. Evaluate the ancient writers as sources of information about alexander the great Alexander the Great was born in the Pella region of Macedonia on July 20, 356 B.C., to parents King Philip of Macedon and Queen Olympia. Alexander the great served as the king of Macedonia from 336 to 323 BC. During his time leadership he united Greece reestablished the Corinthian league and conquered the Persian Empire, alexander was known as a conqueror during his time at the helm. He also becameRead MoreA Great Man Who Conquered, Then Created The Largest Empire1261 Words   |  6 PagesA great man who conquered, then created the largest empire in the ancient world had lived. Alexander the Great accomplished a lot in his short life conquering vast lands as well as spreading the Greek culture throughout Middle East also Asia. Alexander the Great has many accomplishments in his life, and changed history in more of a passive way than in a direct way because of his character and the accomplishment he had built over his lifetime. Alexander the Great was born into royalty in MacedoniaRead MoreAlexander The Great Of Great Rules At Past Or The Present1259 Words   |  6 PagesIn the ages of great rules at past or the present, one that showed very drastic significant growth in very short period of time was and is the Alexander the Great. In the past there have been some people who saw him as kindhearted and reasonable but some saw him as hunger for lands and pride. Before going into see what the artifacts portraying him to us, let’s get to know bit about Alexander the Great. Why he did the things that he did and where did he come from and who is he descendent of. Let start

Enabling Learning and Assessment - 3424 Words

Unit 16 Enabling Learning and Assessment Assessment offers the chance for invaluable feedback to be given to learners therefore offering an opportunity for learners to achieve progression and the ability to monitor and take control of their own learning. Assessment also offers the opportunity not only for the progression of learners but also for the progression of institutions, Ysseldake(2010) supports this argument â€Å"Assessment is a process of collecting data for the purpose of making decisions about students or schools...† Here Ysseldake(2010) is arguing that assessment offers the opportunity for institutions to monitor their own progression and success rate through the collation of assessment data.†¦show more content†¦Eventually once the learners have completed their hairdressing log books, they are presented to an external verifier. Again the same process occurs. Task 2 All Learners are given access to the assessment rules, regulations and criteria at the beginning of their course. My awarding body is City and Guilds, if ever the learners disagree with my assessment decisions; they have the right to appeal to them. I believe my assessment methods to be fair, valid, reliable and they have been set at an appropriate level for the qualification they have been offered. I need to make assessment and learning opportunities available to all my learners. It is my responsibility to ensure the facilities within the learning environment are accessible for all my learners. Disabled learners needs are taken into account, and arrangements are put in place ready for their assessments. I have been responsible for teaching a deaf learner, I have particularly been aware of facing the learner whilst talking to them, and talking at a natural speed. This learner required handouts in advance, including diagrams images. To enable her to have ample time to prepare for assessments and clarify her understanding. I use a range of assessment methods to aid my learner’s diverse knowledge skills and academic backgrounds. I have discovered that by pairing a weaker learner with a more proficient learner enabled both learners to benefit from the usage of peer assessment. A high proportionShow MoreRelatedEnabling Learning Through Assessment1705 Words   |  7 Pages3D Enabling Learning Through Assessment Part A Learning is something that everybody does, be it in the classroom or outside of it. Learning is an active ‘meaning-making process. Only information that has been structured and organised by the learner can pass into the long-term memory and then be used in real life. In order to achieve goals and progress in life we need to learn, be it every day survival skills or acquiring academic knowledge. To determine how much we already know or to determineRead Moreenabling learning and assessment Essay2013 Words   |  9 Pages Title Enabling learning and assessment Assessment is essential in teaching throughout any subject or course in practical and theory work. First initial assessment is used to ensure students are on the correct course. Once learning starts differentiated formative assessments are carried out throughout ending with summative assessment which usually warrants a grade or a pass. Due to the importance of assessment in teaching it helps to use VACSR to insure all elements are covered. VACSRRead MoreEnabling Learning and Assessment Essay3396 Words   |  14 PagesUnit 3 Enabling Learning and Assessment (Third Draft) By Faisal Ayub INDEX Page 1. Introduction 3 2. Essay: How assessment and feedback fit into my own teaching practice 4 3. Report on two assessment activities 10 4. Report’s support documentation 12 5. Observation of one assessment activity 13 6. Reflective account 14 7. References 16 1. Introduction The aim of this unit is to reflect upon, justify and evaluate my own assessmentRead MoreEnabling Learning and Assessment Essay2590 Words   |  11 PagesEnabling Learning and Assessment Assessment activities Two of the assessment activities that I use are Worksheets (or written questions) and photographic evidence. These assessment activities are the most commonly found within my level 1 group. Worksheets within my area are a very versatile way of collecting information from the student, they can contain short answer questions, multiple choice questions etc. Worksheets are extremely valid because they are usually created by the awarding bodyRead MoreUnit 3: Enabling Learning and Assessment2190 Words   |  9 PagesAssignment Unit 3: Enabling Learning and Assessment Karen Dennison, 295607 May 2011 There are many reasons why students are assessed and this first section summarises some of the key benefits to students, institutions and teachers as suggested by Race et al (2005). In order to gain qualifications or complete a course, students will be required to prove their competence, knowledge or exposition of a skill, usually through the use of assessments to demonstrate that learning has taken place.Read MoreEssay about Enabling Learning Through Assessment1414 Words   |  6 PagesEnabling Learning through Assessment To enable learning is to equip and facilitate the learner with all the necessary skills required to understand and retain knowledge. One way in which the teacher can ensure that learning has taken place is through the medium of assessment – to evaluate what the learner has taken on board. Assessment methods help form a vital stage of a learner’s journey helping them to draw on skills they have acquired, and aids in the consolidation of the knowledge learntRead MoreDttls Unit 2 – Planning and Enabling Learning Essay952 Words   |  4 PagesDTTLS UNIT 2 – Planning and Enabling Learning Theory Assignment Selected Research – Rationale Methodology I am constantly undertaking research that will improve my teaching skills and this research has been ongoing for ten years. When undertaking the research for this particular assignment, I identified key words and phrases associated with the topic ‘Planning and Enabling Learning’. I used ‘Safari’ ‘Firefox’ web browsers and utilised ‘Google Scholar’ and ‘Yahoo’ search engines. Read MoreExplain How to Plan Essay1008 Words   |  5 PagesPrinciples and Practices of Assessment Q1 - Explain the Function of assessment in learning and development The assessment cycle continues until all aspects of the qualification have been achieved by the learner:- Initial assessment – Prior knowledge of the subject to determine teaching style. Assessment planning – agree what types and methods of assessments are to take place Assessment Activity – what methods, e.g. observational/ assignments/ questioning Assessment decisions and feedback – judgeRead MoreMethods in Performing Assessment962 Words   |  4 Pages A) Principles of assessments. B) Peer and self assessment. C) Feedback and questioning. D) Types of assessment records. Principles of assessments VALIDITY A valid form of assessment measures what it supposes to be measured. â€Å"A valid assessment must also assess a sample of the abilities that are required in the curriculum† (Ian Reece, 2007, teaching, training and learning) Fairness: Fairness censures that everyone has an equal chance of getting a good assessment. â€Å"All learners areRead MorePlanning and Enabling Learning/ Dtlls Unit 1 Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesPlanning and Enabling Learning This assignment will be looking at four key areas in the planning and enabling learning unit. It will define the different sections of the module from negotiating with the Learner, inclusive learning, functional skills and concluding with communication. It will show that through research, I have been able to demonstrate that I have an understanding of how planning and enabling learning relates to the practical and theoretical side of teaching. How I am able to cater

The Depiction of Fear in The Fall of the House of Usher by...

The Depiction of Fear in The Fall of the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe As Edgar Allan Poe wrote, The Fall of the House of Usher, he uses characterization, and imagery to depict fear, terror, and darkness on the human mind. Plot: Roderick and his twin sister Madeline are the last of the all time-honored House of Usher. They are both suffering from rather strange illnesses which may be attributed to the intermarriage of the family. Roderick suffers from a morbid acuteness of the senses, while Madelines illness is characterized by a settled apathy, a gradual wasting away of the person, and frequent all though transient affections of a partly cataleptically character which caused her to lose consciousness and†¦show more content†¦As they are reading literature in the study, there is a loud knock at the door and at that moment the climax is Madeline at the door embodied in blood from scratching her way out of the coffin. The narrator at that moment realizes they buried her alive and looks to Roderick for answers and he is sitting in complete terror so much that he could not look at Madeline, as he realizes that death has come for him. Madeline proceeds to walk towards Roderick and fall on him, the reader you assume that she begins to eat him but the narrator flees in fear of death. A gust of wind blew the doors, and there did stand the enshrouded figure of the lady Madeline...There was blood upon her white robes, and the evidence of some bitter struggle upon every portion of her emaciated frame. For a moment she remained trembling and reeling to and fro upon the threshold, then with a low moaning cry, fell heavily inward upon#8230;her brother, and in her violent and now final death agonies, bore him to the floor a corpse#8230;. Suddenly the wrath of the storm increased, and the mansion began to shake and crumble. The friend frantically fled from the chamber and from out of that mansion. Only once did he turn to glance back, when his attention was arrested by a wild light#8230;The radiance was that of the full setting...blood red moon, which now show vividly through that once barely discernibleShow MoreRelatedThe Fall of the House of Usher1239 Words   |  5 Pages At th e moment, all was silent and not even a squeak could be heard. But if a house collapsed in the middle of a forest, and no one was around to hear it, did it make a sound? With such wonders, death, and darkness also come the work of Edgar Allan Poe. Edgar Allan Poe is known as a literature legend. He wrote many complicated horror and detective fiction stories, which also represents the artsy twentieth century (â€Å"Poe† 1316). Many of his works are poems and short stories. As for his life, it startedRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Fall In The House Of Usher884 Words   |  4 PagesDeep Into the Mind of Fear: Literary Analysis â€Å"...Madman!- he sprung to his feet, and shrieked out his syllables, as if in the effort he were giving up his soul†(Poe 277). The short stories, The Fall in the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe, and The Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne explore fear in a deeper context. Fear is a very common emotion. Fear is the result of encounters with the unknown. The Fall in the House of Usher, shows a very anxious Roderick Usher sending for a childhoodRead MoreWomens Role in The Fall of the House of Usher 1428 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Pole was a very obscure person: I cannot argue that; however, this does not necessarily mean that all of his stories depict evil. In the case of â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher†, for example, it was not evil that caused the mansion to collapse. It was fear and insanity. Fear of a long, poisoned direct ancestry that haunts the living descendants each day, and the unhealthy mental mind of a product of that lineage, is what figuratively ended the House of Usher, not evil. Additionally, theRead MoreJadon Vanderslice.. Ms. Glass. English 1213. 5 February1715 Words   |  7 PagesJadon Vanderslice. Ms. Glass English 1213 5 February 2017 Poe Edgar Allan Poe, arguably one of the best poets ever, has wrote many great and deep-meaning poems, such as â€Å"Annabel Lee,† and â€Å"Dream Within a Dream.† Both putting off a rather dark image and goth-like elements, a way of writing Poe loved best. Mostly known for â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s Poems all have real deep and mysterious meanings that make people think a bit more to figure it out. The way he expressed terror, the suspense, the heighteningRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven 1602 Words   |  7 PagesJadon Vanderslice. Ms. Glass English 1213 5 February 2017 Poe Edgar Allan Poe, arguably one of the best poets ever, has wrote many great and deep-meaning poems, such as â€Å"Annabel Lee,† and â€Å"Dream Within a Dream.† Both putting off a rather dark image and goth-like elements, a way of writing Poe loved best. Mostly known for â€Å"The Raven†, Poe’s Poems all have real deep and mysterious meanings that make people think a bit more to figure it out. The way he expressed terror, the suspense, the heighteningRead MoreExamples Of Heroism In The Fall Of The House Of Usher810 Words   |  4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Fall of the House of Usher† is an example of gothic literature in his depiction of Roderick Usher as gothic hero, his gloomy setting of the Usher mansion, elements of horror, and supernatural phenomena to highlight his themes of madness, isolation, fear, and foreboding. Unlike the traditional concept of hero as a savior beating impossible odds, Roderick Usher demonstra tes characteristics of gothic hero in his struggle with madness. Traditional heroes, like EthelredRead MoreEvocation of Fear in the Fall of House of Usher2190 Words   |  9 PagesKatie Valdesuso November 30, 2010 ENGL 439 Prof. Allan R. Life The Evocation of Terror in Edgar Allan Poe’s The Fall of the House of Usher In his Philosophy of Composition, Edgar Allan Poe informs us that he begins writing with â€Å"the consideration of an effect† (430). Most of Poe’s poetry and fiction exemplifies his assertion that a preconceived effect upon a reader is undoubtedly fundamental to his creative work. Poe’s tales of terror in particular epitomize the supremacy of his craftRead MoreAnalysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s Writing2567 Words   |  11 Pageshave been numerous amounts of inspirational authors that have gone through hardships in their life, whose work has changed the way people view literature. One of the most notable authors to take his heartbreak and tie it into his writing is Edgar Allan Poe. Like Poe, some famous authors give the readers a window to view inside their head and their life. By looking at Poe’s gothic and romantic writings, his audience can see characteristics of himself mingled in parts of different literary elements. Read MoreHistory of the Development of the Short Story.3660 Words   |  15 Pages(1824–26) and Nikolai Gogols Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka (1831–32). The first examples in the United States are Charles Brockden Browns Somnambulism (1805), Washington Irvings Rip van Winkle (1819) and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1820), Edgar Allan Poes Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque (1840) and Nathaniel Hawthornes Twice-Told Tales (1842). In the latter 19th century, the growth of print magazines and journals created a strong demand for short fiction of between 3,000 and 15

Discuss psychological explanations of one eating disorder Free Essays

Discuss Psychological explanations of one eating disorder. (8+16) Psychological explanations of obesity Include the psychodrama and the behaviorism approach. Behaviorism suggests three means by which obesity may occur; classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss psychological explanations of one eating disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now There Is a great deal of evidence for the behavioral explanation. Classical conditioning is where eating becomes associated with other behaviors that are often routine, leading to eating when not hungry for example snacking whilst watching TV. Evidence for this as a cause of obesity comes from Fletcher et alls ‘Do something different’ study which shows how breaking such habitual associations prevents overeating, and so leads to weight loss, even for people who are not actually dieting. Furthermore, evidence for the role of operant conditioning, which is related to food being used as a reward, comes from Wanting at al who noted that people can turn to food and eat excessively for comfort, using food as a reward. However, operant conditioning alone cannot explain obesity, as we know there are biological factors which affect how rewarding retain foods are, therefore the behavioral approach as an explanation of obesity can be seen as reductionism. Operant conditioning, although not offering a full explanation for the causes of obesity, does have some good practical applications. Techniques using operant conditioning have been very successful in reinforcing healthy eating practices. Devoid and Yankton found Up’s on such a programmer has an average weight loss of between 1 5 and 20 Lbs on the scheme. However, Just because it is successful in treating the eating disorder doesn’t mean it can be seen as a viable cause for obesity. Social Learning theory is the third means by which the behaviorism approach suggests obesity may occur and it suggests that obesity is due to observing and imitating obese role models, particularly people we identify with in some way. In order for this to be valid, the relationship between one obese person and the role models around them has to be assessed. Chalks and Fowler did Just that and found that a person’s chance of becoming obese Increased by 57% If they had a friend who became obese. However, although many extraneous variables were enthroned in this study, it was still only correlation in nature and correlation does not indicate causation meaning other factors such as biology or culture cannot be ruled out as other possible contributing factors to obesity. Although there is a great deal of evidence to support the behaviorism approach it can be seen as limited as it ignores biological and genetic factors that also have a great deal of support with regards to causing obesity, egg Standard et al who found a strong relationship between adopted and genetic mother’s weight and no relationship between adopted and adoptive arena’s weight. However, taking the deterministic nature of the behaviorism approach as a positive It does have an optimistic message with regards to beating obesity. Due to the fact the basis of the behaviorism approach Is that all behaviors are learned and can therefore be unlearned, means that obese people may be more willing to try dieting and other forms of lifestyle change more readily than if they futile. There is a problem with this view however as it focuses on the role of nurture rather than nature which can often cause blame to be put onto parents for their bees children. While in some cases this can have a positive effect as the parent realizes the necessity of educating their child on healthy food choices and not associating certain activities with food, it can also raise ethical issues as families are not protected from potential emotional harm from being blamed for their obese child’s health issues. In addition to the behaviorism explanation of obesity, the psychodrama explanation of obesity offers an alternative on the causes of this eating disorder. The psychodrama explanation of obesity is based around Fraud’s incept of problem behaviors in adult hood being due to unresolved conflicts that occurred during childhood development through the psychosocial stages with obesity being linked to unconscious desires of the oral phase. This could be caused by a lack of gratification in the oral stage or over gratification and both could lead to obesity. Evidence for the role of the ID (a structure of the unconscious mind that is concerned with gratifying needs) and oral fixation come from Grant and Borders who found that adult loneliness was a key issue in overeating for all Up’s. Furthermore, bused Up’s used food to ‘numb pain’ whereas non abused Up’s used it to recreate warmth and nurturing experienced in childhood that they missed in their lonely adult life. This shows the effect of both under and over gratification in the oral stage of psychosocial development. It seems that as an adult, emotional difficulties or trauma may lead to regression to the oral stage thus overeating. Eating may also result as a substitute for affection. However there are a few issues with this study; there was only a very small sample and the fact that the research was very sensitive means that the reliability of Up’s recall may be questionable. However, as with the behavioral approach, there are practical applications associated with the psychodrama approach for example it highlights the need for social support; if a person does not feel lonely at a time of emotional distress, it seems the regression back to the oral stage and thus overeating may not occur. In addition to social support, the psychodrama explanation of obesity highlights the cause which can then be used to treat obesity, which in this case is a symptom of a larger problem; Hereford there is optimism attached to this explanation as with the behaviorism approach. Furthermore, Rounded et al has also found a link between childhood abuse and obesity. They found that child sexual abuse is associated with a doubling of odds of obesity in a telephone sample of 4,641 women. However once again there are methodological issues regarding this research as it is geocentric so cannot be generalizes to the wider population of both men and women- it lacks population validity. There is also further supportive evidence from Williamson et al who found NY form of abuse can lead to an increased chance of obesity showing regression into childhood and the oral phase in order to find missed gratification. However, there are many issues regarding the psychodrama approach including the fact that it cannot be investigated scientifically using the features of science that psychology attempts to follow. It is speculative in nature and based on philosophy of the mind rather than scientific fact. Therefore the validity and reliability of the explanation of obesity is very low. It can never be scientifically proven due to its nature so will How to cite Discuss psychological explanations of one eating disorder, Essays

Role and Significance of Circuit Relay Firewall Full Report

Question: Discuss about theRole and Significance of Circuit Relay Firewall. Answer: Introduction Circuit Relay Firewall and SocksPackage in Secure Communication A circuit relay firewall can be defined as a firewall/ proxy server that helps the users or the organizations to establish a secured and controlled connection between the internal and external networks. In this firewall, there is a virtual circuit that is used to filter internal requests and pass them to the proxy server. After this the requests are forwarded to the internet with a change in the IP address on the data packets (Zeng, Coffey Viega, 2014). Figure 1: Interaction between the Client server and application server (Source: Zeng, Coffey Viega, 2014, pp-23) For the efficient and controlled use of FTP, SMTP and TELNET by the users inside a network, the SOCKS package provides a strong authentication mechanism by using a request and negotiation method. This layer functions between the application and transport layer. The user or the client must succeed in the connection establishment request in order to negotiate about the authentication method (Leech, 2016). After this a relay request is forwarded by the client and the evaluation of this request is done by SOCKS server. In this way the when a user needs to connect with an application server it first connects with the SOCKS proxy server, after this the proxy server connects with the application server on behalf of the client machine. It helps in securing the client machine from direct IP-reachability by the hackers or intruders. References Leech, M. (2016).Ietf.org. Retrieved 18 September 2016, from https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1928.txt Zeng, Y. G., Coffey, D., Viega, J. (2014, March). How Vulnerable Are Unprotected Machines on the Internet?. InInternational Conference on Passive and Active Network Measurement(pp. 224-234). Springer International Publishing.

Passenger Satisfaction of Singapore Airlines-Samples for Students

Question: Investigate satisfaction of passengers using Singapore airlines about their personal experience with the journey and other aspects. Answer: Rationale for the research design The research design includes the research philosophy, research approach, research design, method, and investigation. Research philosophy includes positivism, realism, and interpretivism. This current study will take positivism philosophy. Positivism philosophy focuses on the collection of scientific data. Factual knowledge is the main part of positivism philosophy (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). By using this philosophy the researcher will be able to gain data through observation and measurement. However, during the use of positivism philosophy, there are some limitations while collecting data. By using positivism philosophy the researcher will be able to carry out a quantifiable observation and statistical analysis. On the other hand, this current study is based on the deductive approach. Creation of the hypothesis is the major aspect of deductive approach (Choy, 2014). Deductive approach is useful to evaluate the relationship between the variables and the concepts (Mackey Gass, 2015). Therefore, the deductive approach helps the researcher to generalize the current research findings. In this current research study, the descriptive design will be used as the research design. Descriptive research design includes a set of research objectives and research questions. Therefore, the research problem is clearly defined by the descriptive design. This current study deals with the passengers satisfaction in Singapore Airline, which can be analyzed by using this research design. In this current study quantitative process will be used to collect primary data. To conduct the quantitative process market survey will be carried out in this research method. Discussion of specific research methodology This current study includes both primary and secondary research methods. Primary method includes quantitative process. To conduct the quantitative process a market survey will be taken to gather feedback from the customers of Singapore Airline. This survey will be helpful to measure the satisfaction level of the passengers in Singapore Airline, which is the primary question of this research study. Survey will help the researcher to identify the areas that are required to improve to enhance the customer satisfaction level in this organization. Hence, survey will enable the researcher to meet the primary and secondary questions of this current study. Survey is an effective method to get real-time data during the investigation (Lewis, 2015). By analyzing the customer feedbacks the Singapore Airline will be able to make necessary changes to improve the level of customer satisfaction. This also meets the research objective as from the current feedbacks this organization will be able to fi nd out the way to improve the customer satisfaction in their organization. Questionnaires will be provided via online to gather the feedback from the customers of Singapore Airline. Secondary research is also important besides the primary research as it provides authentic evidence regarding an issue to the researcher (Flick, 2015). In this study, secondary research will be conducted during the literature review. Census report, academic journals, authentic websites, and books will be used to collect data on customer satisfaction level in Singapore Airport. Hence, both the secondary sources and primary sources are valuable to meet the research objectives and questions Rationale for the research methodology Primary method will be used in this current study, which is helpful to gain realistic data. However, during the collection of primary data survey questionnaires will be provided to the candidates to understand their perspectives. However, often the candidates provide diplomatic answers, which can hamper the data collection process. The main reason of primary research is to obtain real-time data as real-time data gives the current status of an organization in the market (Silverman, 2016). For Singapore Airline survey will be helpful to understand the current satisfaction level of the passengers as well as their concerns regarding the service. On the other hand, the main reason of the secondary data collection is to review the previous status of the Singapore airline industry and current views regarding the service. This information will be collected through the authentic websites and the journals. By using the marginal probability in payoff matrix information will be collected from th e census report. Discussion of the key consideration of the research methodology After conducting the entire methodology the research will be concerned about the process of publication. One of the major considerations is the protection of data that needs to follow during the primary research (Panneerselvam, 2014). However, the researcher has to keep confidentiality while gathering data through survey. For this purpose Data Protection Act needs to be followed. Therefore, the researcher has no right to force the candidates to involve in the survey. The personal data of the candidates should be protected. No personal questions can be generated during the survey. These elements should be considered during the conduction of primary research methodology. On the other hand, in the context of secondary research the data cannot be manipulated and proper citation should be done properly. The data needs to represent in its original process. Discussion of the information that needs to collect by the market research agencies This current research is based on the investigation of passenger satisfaction level in Singapore Airline. Hence, the market research agency needs to collect the feedback from the passengers regarding the current service process of this organization. Therefore, the major loopholes of the current system will be collected to identify the gap of the service. The disadvantages of the current system in Singapore Airline needs to evaluated to take proper action against these issues. The market agency will collect the information regarding the pricing strategy, quality and boundaries of the Singapore Airline as these are the major concerns of the passengers. On the other hand, the current expectation of the customers from the Singapore Airline will be identified by this agency. The primary data will be represented and analyzed by using graphs, charts, and table. The secondary data will be represented by using proper citation. Critical evaluation will be made during the analysis of the second ary data in this current research study. Finally, it has been found that for the current research both primary and secondary sources will be helpful to analyze the current issues and to develop suitable recommendations to mitigate such issues. References Choy, L. T. (2014). The strengths and weaknesses of research methodology: Comparison and complimentary between qualitative and quantitative approaches.IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science,19(4), 99-104. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice,16(4), 473-475. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015).Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. Panneerselvam, R. (2014).Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016).Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons.

Why I Am Fit For This Law Enforcement Job

Why I Am Fit For This Law Enforcement JobThe purpose of a sample essay on why I am fit for this law enforcement job is to allow me to express my opinions in writing. One of the main reasons that I want to write this is because I'm a big fan of law enforcement and would like to take advantage of the excellent education they offer. There is no greater way to prepare yourself than to read everything about the profession that you can find. And with so many websites and magazines devoted to law enforcement, that's a pretty easy task to accomplish.The major reason that I wanted to try writing a sample essay on why I am fit for this is because it was my favorite subject in high school. The class I was in actually used the quote: 'Be the change you wish to see in the world' as their theme song. It made me think about all the great changes I wanted to make in my life. And I just wanted to use my ideas to improve other people's lives too. And in my mind's eye, I saw how much more I could have accomplished if I had been able to get a law enforcement degree.The reason I write a sample essay on why I am fit for this is because it helps me to separate my own ideas from the things I read about law enforcement. Sometimes I will write a little piece about what I think, or what I've learned, but I have to ensure that the writing itself is accurate. At times, you may be tempted to throw in your own opinions and try to convince people why they should hire you, but this won't serve you very well.You know the saying, 'In order to beat death, you must first live life as if you were dead?' Well, the same is true for law enforcement. Your thoughts will help you put together a written statement that will allow you to test what you're worth to the organization. If they are hiring for someone with your skill set, you'll be sure to succeed. Because if you're just trying to be liked, then they might simply throw away your resume.A sample essay on why I am fit for this law enforcement job wi ll also include testimonials from colleagues and family members. That can help you in the interview process because you can show how you were liked by your supervisors and coworkers. If you're a wonderful employee, you can also consider how you got along with others as well. I know that I can be kind to some and be mean to others. In the end, however, what matters most is whether or not I showed that I would be a good addition to the organization.What you do is write an essay on why you are fit for this law enforcement job. Because you have to realize that the only way to go beyond this is to prove to the hiring officers that you've done your homework. And you need to keep in mind that you can only be considered qualified if you know the reasons why others have hired you.One of the greatest things about law enforcement is that it is an excellent opportunity to enhance your skill set. There are more opportunities for advancement and upward mobility in law enforcement than anywhere el se in the world. So if you have the desire to become a police officer, then you should seriously consider completing a sample essay on why I am fit for this law enforcement job.

The Seven Organizational Approaches free essay sample

The seven organizational approaches to studying the human body are body planes and body directions, body cavities, quadrants and regions, anatomy and physiology, microscopic to macroscopic, body systems and medical specializes. The body planes and body direction is the division of the body in to sections from front to back, right and left, and top and bottom. These sections are called the mitigated plane, the coronal plane, and the transverse plane.This approach is used when studying organs and its function or specific areas with in the body like lungs, brain, and Joint and tendons. The body cavity is the study of the body cavities and the organs in the cavities. This approach is used when studying certain organs in the body and how a disease affects different organs. The quadrants and regions divides the lower torso into four sections and nine region sections to identify the areas where internal organs are placed. We will write a custom essay sample on The Seven Organizational Approaches or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This approach is a good reference to be used when conducting a hysterical exam of internal organs.The anatomy and physiology is the study of the structures with in the body and how they function in the body. This approach is good to be used when studying the structure and how cell work or the nervous system. Microscopic and macroscopic is the study of the smallest parts of the body and how they come together to make larger parts and more complex structures or systems. This approach is good to use when studying how cells combine to make organ. The Body systems approach is the study of the body organs and how they function gather in the body. This approach is good to be used when studying the bodies systems such as the circulatory system, the respiratory system and how they function in the body. Medical specialty is the study of the human body for medical uses. This approach is also divided in to many different categories which are the use or study of anatomy, physiology diseases, diagnostic tests, medical and surgical procedures, and drugs. This approach is used when studying different types of illnesses and diseases.

Neptunium essays

Neptunium essays What the heck is Neptunium? That is the question that first popped into my mind when I saw this name. I mean, Ive heard of neptune, its obviously a celestial body in the heavens that we petty earthlings refer to as a planet, or planeta for my spanish speaking friends. But neptunium, I mean, come on, cant you at least think of a more creative name. Despite the lack of creativity on the name, neptunium is actually quite a hoot. Its an interesting element and its quite obscure as well. And without further adue, here are some facts about this zany element. Np. Whats Np you ask, well its the chemical symbol. Its atomic number is 93. Atomic weight 237 correctly describes this thing. Neptunium has a melting point of 644 C. Its specific gravity is 20.25. Its boiling point is 3902 C. It has 15 isotopes. Wow, I reckon thats a lot of isotopes. The discover is McMillan and Abelson in the year 1940. As I recall, thats the jist of the obscure facts section of the supposed essay. Neptunium has some pretty boring info, but here it is anyway. Neptunium is a ductile, silvery radioactive metal. It is a member of the actinide series in group IIIb of the periodic table. Neptunium has three distinct forms. Neptunium forms numerous chemical compounds. The element was discovered in 1940 by Edwin M. McMillan and Philip H. Abelson, who produced neptunium-239 (with a half-life of 2.3 days if I correctly recall) by bombarding uranium with neutrons from a cyclotron at the Univ. of California at Berkeley. Neptunium, the first transuranium element (thats a big word), was named for the planet Neptune, which is beyond Uranus in the solar system. Neptunium is found in very small quantities in nature in association with uranium ores. There are 20 known isotopes of neptunium. Neptunium-237, the most stable, has a half-life of 2.14 million years and is used in neutron-detection equipment. And thats all fo ...

Change Management of an Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Change Management of an Organization - Essay Example So the above mentioned lines are indicating one more interesting technique to reach organizational goals, that is changing the people's attitude, their way of working, and behavior towards work so that organization can reach its objectives through change which is probably the only way for it to reach its goals as modernization automatically changes the surroundings, behaviors of buyers, the variety of competition and so on. The business doesn't get changed itself, nor does it require it self to change with out any need as the profitability (growth) or survival is the core objective of any business, but when it comes to change, only external factors make an organization or business change primarily, afterwards the firm changes it self may be in internal manners. The External change drivers that can be seen commonly in this modern world or from the time the changing took place include Mega Environment1, it further includes Technological Element, in which the modern technology that is used outside the firm, perhaps around the world and by the competitors tends to change the organization, the failure to use such technology can result in loss of values, customers, and most importantly long-term profits. The next external change is brought by Economic Element, of course the change in the country's wealth distribution, it's financial debt and the inflation can create unbalance in an organization or any business, such as the decrease in the price of a certain commodity or product can have some negative impact on the firms profitability, specially if the country in which the organization is operated is a socialist economy in which the government owns a lot than the individuals. The next one is Legal-Political Element, these are somewhat the governm ental forces that affect the business or organization from outside, such as passing a new taxation rule, or a new policy which implementation can also make an organization to change its norms and policies, in such cases the organizations are forced to follow such rules, or they can be penalized. The Socio-cultural Elements is another external change driver, here the attitudes, norms, traditions, behaviors etc. that the people of the country in which the organization is operated follow, a good example is that if a food business is being operated and Muslims somehow enter into that area demanding the cautionary meat, the organization would have to change and would have to start making the demanded meat. The last of Mega environments is International Element, these are general norms followed by the organizations being operated around the globe, for instance, the McDonald's in every country has to follow somewhat the same standards that parent company is following, other wise it can be penalized. Now lets discuss an other sort of External Change driver, it is called Task Environment2, it includes Customer and Clients, of course they are the only ones because of whom change is adopted, the customers

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 Assignment

Interface Design Examples Search based on Heuristics 4 - Assignment Example The screenshot appears when one has logged in the spacewalk web interface. Some of the highlights that may be displayed on the screen which may help user to see what is going on include; postdate systems, release of recent errata and critical monitoring status among other highlights. This screenshot help to map specimen for georeference obtained to other data base search (Shapley, Para-1). This screenshot is efficient and effective because it uses language that users can understand (Shapley, Para-1). Additionally, it helps to conduct assessment by taking into consideration all the heuristic principles (Shapley, Para-1). An example of this screenshot is the User Interface design and implementation which appears on the window XP when one presses the search button on the explorer tools bar. It allows the user to specify the kind of file he or she is searching for and in case the user makes a mistake he or she can Undo or redo. This screenshot assist data entry screenshot or consistency management screenshot which provides a list of all the elements that may be applied during the modeling process. The assisted data mechanism in this screenshot can help a person to avoid errors when making entries by enhancing consistency compliance to set standards. In this screenshot both experienced and inexperienced users are allowed to conduct frequent activities without going through unnecessary procedures. Hence, making it more flexible and efficient to use. The above screenshot help to enhance readability and inclusion of all the relevant information in the program that one is using.This screenshot may be available in microsoft spreadsheet,word and powerpoint. Therefore, based on the above interface design examples, it can be scrutinized how various screenshots for each of the ten heuristic may be used to execute various operations. Conclusively, it can be observed how screenshot are importance

M.bovis Genetic Diversity

M.bovis Genetic Diversity Mycoplasmabovis pneumonia is an epidemic worldwide. To understand M.bovis genetic diversity would help develop novel measures to control this disease. Therefore this study was aimed to determine genotype distribution of Chinese strains and the potential global evolution. Firstly three available methods including two M. bovis multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes MLST-1 and MLST-2 and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) were comparatively used for 44 Chinese strains and M. bovis type strain PG45 originated fromUSA. The results showed a high genetic homogeneity of Chinese isolates. By MLST-1, 43 of 44 (97.7%) Chinese isolate being ST-10, while 1 of 44 ST-34. The MLST-2 scheme clustered 44 Chinese isolates into two sequence types, ST-10 43 of 44 (97.7%) and 1 of 44 ST-32. PFGE clustered 42 of 44 (95.5%) into PT-I. The discrimination index was highest for PFGE (D = 0.160), while both MLST schemes have similar discrimination power (D = 0.110). The agreement rate among three typing methods is 95.4%à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 95% CIà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã… ¡84.2%, 99.4%à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °. The type strain PG45 gave a unique type by all three methods. Additionally, MLST-2 scheme was used to analyze 8 Australia and 8 Israeli isolates. The results showed 8 Israeli strains represent three STs with ST-10 as the most dominant type comprising 50% of the strains, ST-20 (n=2) and ST-28 (n=2). The 8 Australian isolates showed two sequence types ST-10 (n=7) and another sequence type ST-41 (n=1) identified firstly here. The assay of evolutionary relationship by geoBURST Minimum spanning tree (MST) of 60 isolates typed in this study and 207 isolates of 11 countries from the MLST-2 database. It was revealed that similar dominant clone (ST-10 in CC 3) exists in China, Israel, Australia and United States. This may be related to global livestock movements. In conclusion, we firstly demonstrated the remarkable clonality of M. bovis in China and the dominant ST-10 might originate from a common global source. Key words: Mycoplasma bovis; molecular epidemiology; multilocus sequence typing (MLST); pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE); cattle; evolution. Mycoplasma bovis (M.bovis) is the main causative pathogen of bovine mycoplasmosis worldwide such as in North America, Europe (Nicholas and Ayling, 2003), China (Shi et al., 2008), Australia (Morton et al., 2014) and Israel (Lysnyansky et al., 2016). It results in substantial economic losses to producers by causing M.bovispneumonia and mastitis in beef and dairy cattle. M. bovis was first isolated in 1961 in USA from cattle mastitis milk (Hale et al 1962) and has long been considered a player in bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) since 1976 (Thomas et al., 1986). It then appears to have spread via animal movements to, amongst many countries (Nicholas 2002). Today, infection occurs in most European countries and throughout the world. It was estimated that the economic loss caused by M.bovisin United States was up to $108 million per year. In Europe, M.bovis pneumonia constitutes about 30% of calf respiratory diseases (Nicolas and Ayling, 2003; Maunsell et al., 2011). As the prevalence o f M. bovis associated diseases varies widely across the world, there are important trade implications and a pressing need to monitor cattle for M. bovis. However, to date, there are large gaps in our understanding evolutionary relationships of this pathogen isolates between different countries and globally. In China the first M. bovis mastitis was described in 1983 (Chen et al., 1983) and first M. bovis pneumonia in 2008. Since then reports of M. bovis pneumonia and mastitis outbreaks have been frequently described (Shi et al., 2008; Peng et al., 2011). M. bovis pneumonia is characterized by severe respiratory distress, high fever and at postmortem lung lesions including carnification, extensive caseo-necrotic or suppurative foci in the lungs. M.bovis pneumonia caused over 80% morbidity and between 10% to 60% mortality in calves and stockers newly introduced into beef feedlots (Shi et al., 2008). A major contributing factor to this disease is the stress caused by the long distance transportation of calves and stockers between the feedlots and farms (Shi et al., 2008). The disease is difficult to control with chemotherapy, and vaccination would be an ideal alternative approach. An insight of the genetic diversity and population structure of M. bovis would assist in the development of novel vaccines, as well as gaining an insight into evolutionary trends. A variety of molecular typing methods have been used for epidemiological characterization of M. bovis strains including random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis (Butler et al., 2001), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis (Kusiluka et al., 2000; Soehnlen et al., 2012), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) (Pinho et al., 2012; Arcangioli et al., 2012), insertion sequence (IS) typing (Miles et al., 2005; Aebi et al., 2012) and multilocus variable number tandem repeats (VNTR) analysis (Pinho et al., 2012; Spergser et al., 2013). In addition, three multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) schemes were recently developed to study population structure, evolution and spread of this pathogen (Manso-Silvan et al., 2012;Register et al., 2015; Rosales et al., 2015). The MLST scheme developed by Manso-Silvan et al. (2012) is based on four housekeeping genes fusA, gyrB, lepAand rpoB and showed a discrimination index of 0.833, while improved MLST scheme have been developed by Rosales et al.2015) here after referred as MLST-1 scheme; and by Register et al. (2015) here after referred as MLST-2 scheme. Both schemes use seven housekeeping genes but they only have one gene in common and therefore theire discrimination power higher than the Manso-Silvan scheme. In the present study, it was aimed to firstly evaluate the three methods MLST-1 and MLST-2 schemes and conventional PFGE by comparing the results in typing 44 Chinese M.bovis isolates, secondly assess the genetic diversity and population structure of M. bovis strains isolated in period of 2007 2014 by using the type strain PG45 as the control., and thirdly explore the evolutionary relationship of Chinese M.bovis isolates with globally diverse isolates. Material and Methods Mycoplasma bovis isolates M. bovis Chinese isolates (n=44) were obtained during 2008 to 2014 from nine Chinese provinces: Hubei (n=25), Anhui (n=1), Fujian (n=2), Hunan (n=1), Jiangxi (n=3), Henan (n=8), Inner Mongolia (n=1), Guangzhou (n= 2) and Shandong (n=1). These M. bovis isolates were mostly from lungs in cases of pneumonia (n=41); together with other sources such as milk with mastitis (n=2); throat swab in case of pneumonia (n=1) and fluid of joint with arthritis (n=1). The M. bovis type strain PG45 was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 25523) and also used in this study. DNA samples from 8 Israeli M. bovis isolates were kindly offered by Prof. Dr. Inna Lysnyansky from Kimron Veterinary Institute, Israel, collected during 2013-2014 from pneumonia (n=6), stillbirth (n=1) and arthritis (n =1) in seven regions namely Gilboa (n=1), Beer Tuvia (n=3), Hevel Eilot (n=1), Eshkol (n=1), Jerusalem (n=1), Mateh Yehuda (n=1) and EmekYizrael (n=1). In addition, eight whole genome sequences of Australian M.bovis isolates were retrieved from GenBank representing mastitis, (n=4), lungs (n=1), nose swab (n=1), joint fluid (n=1) and semen culture (n=1) in five regions namely New south Wales (n=2), Queensland (n=1), Tasmania (n=3), South Australia (n=1) and Victoria (n=1) with accession no. SAMN05444185, SAMN05444199, SAMN05444228, SAMN05444239, SAMN05444243, SAMN05444247, SAMN05444250, SAMN05444261) included in this study (Table 1). Growth conditions, species identification and DNA extraction M.bovis isolates were confirmed by species-specific PCR as previously described (Subramaniam et al., 1998). The M.bovis samples were grown in PPLO broth (Difco) supplemented with 0.5% (w/v) sodium pyruvate (Biosharp, China), 0.09% (w/v) yeast extract (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’0.004% (w/v) phenol red, 1% (v/v) 10- minimum essential medium (MEM) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA), 20% (v/v) Hyclone donor horse serum (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and penicillin G 80,000 IU/100 mL and the final pH was adjusted to 7.6(Khan et al., 2016). DNA from each isolate was extracted using the genomic DNA extraction kit (Tiangen, Beijing, China). Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) MLST-1 scheme is based on a partial sequencing of dnaA, metS, recA, tufA, atpA, rpoD and tkt genes (Rosales et al., 2015); For MLST-1 scheme, 44 Chinese isolates and American type strain PG45. The PCR amplification conditions for MLST-1 were used as previously described (Rosales et al., 2015); after amplification, PCR products were further purified and sequenced using PCR Products Extraction Kit (Magnetic Beads) (Enriching Biotechnology, LTD, Wuhan, China) and sequenced. Sequencing reactions were performed by the commercial company (Tianyi Hui Yuan Biological Technology Pvt. Ltd. Wuhan, China).The quality of chromatograms was checked visually and sequence data were assembled and edited using SeqMan software (DNASTAR Inc., Wisconsin, USA). The assembled MLST-1 sequences were compared using non-redundant database (NRDB) comparison tool available in http://pubmlst.org/analysis/ with our previously analyzed 10 strains used as a control to assign allele and Sequence type number (Rosales e t al., 2015). MLST-2 scheme is based on a partial sequencing of adh-1, gltX, gpsA, gyrB, pta-2, tdk and tkt (Register et al., 2015). For MLST-2 scheme, the 44 Chinese strain and PG45 were subjected to PCR, and PCR products were sequenced as above mentioned method. The assembled sequences of all isolates were uploaded to http://pubmlst.org/mbovis/database to identify allele numbers and sequence types (STs). In addition, for the evolutionary assay, 8 Israel strains were typed with the method as described above. Meanwhile, 8 Australian isolates whole genome were annotated using prokka 1.11rapid prokaryotic genome annotation software (Seemann; 2014) at http://www.vicbioinformatics.com. Each locus sequence was extracted from the annotated genome. Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis PFGE of 44 Chinese M.bovis field strains and type strain PG45 was performed as previously described (McAuliffe et al., 2004, Arcangioli et al., 2012) with some modifications for agarose block preparation. Briefly, macro-restriction analysis was performed with the restriction enzyme SmaI as follows: Each M.bovis isolate 15 ml culture aliquot was centrifuged at 15000 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´g for 20 min at 40C, the pellet was washed three times with Tris-EDTA buffer and resuspended in 400 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l of cold Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 8.0). Agarose plugs were prepared from a 1:1 mixture of the above cell suspension and 2% low-melting-boiling agarose (Bio-Rad). They were then incubated in a lysis buffer containing 10mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM EDTA, 1% lauroyl sarcosine, 1mg of proteinase K per ml for 48 h at 560C. These plugs were washed for 6h with several changes of Tris-EDTA buffer at 40C. The plugs were then cut aseptically into 2 mm sections and equilibrated in 120 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l restriction buffer (Prom ega) for 30 min at 40C. Subsequently, plugs were digested with 30U of SmaI (Promega, Shanghai, China) at 240C for 4 h. After digestion loaded in 1% pulsed-field-certified agarose gel (Bio-Rad), and run in a CHEF-DRIII system (Bio-Rad) at 6V/cm, in 0.5à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ TBE buffer at 140C, at 6V/cm with angle of 1200. The initial pulse time was 5s, with a final pulse time of 40s with a running time of 24 h. The lambda DNA ladder PFGE marker (Bio-Rad) was used as a reference. PFGE fragments in the gel were stained with ethidium bromide (EB) (1mg/ml) for 20 min, and destained in distilled water for 1.5 h and visualized under UV transilluminator. Pulsotypes (PT) were assigned numbers consecutively based on differences of more than one band in PFGE patterns upon visual inspection. The banding patterns were analyzed using Dice coefficients with 1% band position tolerance. The clustering of patterns was performed using unweighted pair group matching algorithm (UPGMA) as previously described ( Arcangioliet al., 2012; Timsit et al., 2012). Allelic sequence variance analysis The Sequence Type Analysis and Recombinational Test Version 2 (START2) (Jolley et al., 2001) were used to analyze polymorphic sites, construct UPGM dendrograms and calculate non-synonymous to synonymous ratios (dN/dS). Genetic diversity (H) of each locus and Index of Association (IA) were calculated by using LIAN 3.5 (Haubold and Hudson, 2000) hosted on http://guanine.evolbio.mpg.de/cgi-bin/lian/lian.cgi.pl/query. Global evolution and minimum spanning tree (MST) analysis The evolutionary relationship between isolates and M.bovis population structure was determined using PHYLOViZ (Fransciso et al., 2012) and evaluated by minimum spanning tree (MST) created using eBURST (geoBURST) algorithm (Francisco et al., 2009). MST for MLST-2 was performed for 257 isolates from 11 countries including 60 strains (44 China, 8 Israeli and 8 Australia isolates)   typed in this study and 207 isolates   retrieved January, 2017 (Supplementary Table 3) from the M.bovis MLST-2 database www.pubmlst.org/mbovis. Statistical analysis The discriminatory ability of both MLST methods and PFGE was calculated using Simpsons index of diversity as previously described (Hunter and Gaston, 1998). Congruence between both typing techniques was measured using the adjusted Rand Coefficient and Wallace Coefficient (Severiano et al., 2011). All statistical analyses were performed using the freely available online tool (http://darwin.phyloviz.net/ComparingPartitions/) Results The comparison of M.bovis typing with three methods MLST-1 analysis A total of 44, out of 10 were previously typed (Rosales et al., 2015) were also used for control and typed by MLST-1. The mean GC contents of seven gene fragments ranged from 29.15% (dnaA) to 37.23% (tufA) while it was 37.4 % in the whole M. bovis HB0801 genome (Qi et al., 2012). For each of seven loci, allelic variation was analyzed including polymorphic sites, guanine-cytosine(GC) content, synonymous and non-synonymousratios (dN/dS)(Table 2).The number of polymorphic sites per locus ranged from 4 (6.2%) in recA to 19 (29.6 %) in dnaA, and a total of 64 polymorphic sites for all seven genes were identified. The number of alleles observed ranged from 2 (metS, recA, tufA, atpA, and tkt) to 3 (dnaA and rpoD). The genetic diversity (H) for each locus was 0.0879 for dnaA and 0.0444 for metS, recA, tufa atpA and tkt. The dN and dS substitutions ranged from 0.0000 to 0.0623. In summary, all 44 Chinese M.bovis isolates typed by MLST-1 were divided into two STs namely ST-10 and ST-34 (Table 1).The ST-10 (with allelic profile of 2,6,2,2,2,5,3) was most numerically dominant, comprising 97.7%à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã‹â€ 43/44à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °of Chinese M.bovis isolates including the Chinese strain HB0801 (Fig.1). In addition, ST-34 (allelic profile of 11,6,2,2,2,5,3) contains only one strain SZ; while ST-1(allelic profile of 1,1,1,1,1,1,1) represented by strain PG45 was identified (Table 1). Genetic relatedness amongst the 44 Chinese M.bovis strains showed two clades A and B. Clade A contained the majority (97.7%) of isolates (43/44) including the Chinese strain HB0801, while clade B contained one Chinese strain SZ (ST-34). M.bovis PG45 type strain was an outlier of these two clades (Fig.1). The geoBURST and MST analysis clustered 44 Chinese in the clonal complex CC2, whereas reference strain PG45 (ST-1) in CC1 (Table 1) as previously described (Rosales et al., 2015) MLST-2 analysis All 44 M.bovis isolates were examined by MLST-2. The mean GC contents of seven gene fragments ranged from 28.76% (tdk) to 35.61% (gyrB).The number of polymorphic sites per locus ranged from 8 in gyrB (8.66%) to 22(23.91%) in gpsA and a total of 92 polymorphic sites were identified (Table 2). The numbers of alleles identified were 2 for adh-1, gpsA, gyrB, pta2 and tkt and, 3 for gltX. The genetic diversity obtained 0.328 for adh-1 to 0.962 for gpsA (Table 2).   The Chinese strains were distributed into two different sequence types. ST-10 with allelic profile 4,3,3,3,5,3,4 was the most numerically dominant type, comprising 97.7% (43/44) of Chinese isolates; and ST-32 had only one isolate, SZ respectively. All M.bovis isolates tested in this study were clustered into two major clades A and B based on genetic relatedness by UPGMA. Clade A was comprised of 97.7% (43/44) of Chinese isolates including the Chinese strain HB0801. Whereas Clade-B contains one Chinese isolate. Same as above, M.bovis PG45 type strain was an outlier of these two clades (Fig. 2) PFGE typing The 44 Chinese M.bovis strains, and type strain PG45 were subjected to PFGE following the use of restriction enzyme SmaI. All isolates were typeable and the banding profile of the isolates ranged from 6 to 10 bands (from