A Study on Internet Marketing Strategies Essay

A study on online marketing strategies used by new media entrepreneurs in India. S. Vivin RichardMs. Sri Jothi M. Sc Electronic Media,Lecturer Department of Media Sciences Department of Media Sciences College of Engineering,College of Engineering Anna University, Guindy. Anna University, Chennai Abstract: This research investigates the characteristics of online marketing strategies used by new media Entrepreneurs. This research helps to understand the nature and extent of business strategies used by successful online Entrepreneurs. Nowadays, most people prefer to get first-hand information from the internet. Being a terrific medium of communication, internet not only helps people to stay informed but gives them a fair idea about the consumer market as well. Hence, it is important to analyze and utilize the power of internet technology in the best possible manner. The need is to analyze and research needs of customers who come online to satisfy their wants. 1. 2. Introduction: Internet is primarily a source of communication, information and entertainment, but increasingly, it also acts as a vehicle for commercial transactions. Since the explosion of the web as a business medium, one of its primary uses has been for marketing. Soon, the web could become a critical distribution channel for the majority of successful enterprises. (Thompson 2002) In online world, companies try their best to make their products much more physically good that actually becomes the possession of life of a customer. The concentration of internet marketing is giving a similar experience to a customer ad help him/her to get the utmost satisfaction. Internet is a large repository of information, ever expanding database and a true knowledge hub. The impact of internet over people has grown over a period of time and people started trusting internet and they bank over the internet for major activities, be it personal, official and business related. Therefore this presents the perfect scenario for the entrepreneurs to market their products across the globe, to a large customer base that their sales force cannot even dream of identifying. Getting on the wings of internet technologies, organizations can easily enhance their overall worth by reaching to new heights of success. Online companies can engage in fruitful marketing activities by using effective new media marketing strategies to boost their product offering in the online market. 1. 1 Online marketing: Advertising in internet provides a major contribution to brand competition in the market. Advertising here not only provides information about a product or service but also promotes innovation. Besides it also facilitates consumer satisfaction. Big and small companies, individuals of all walks of life, major and minor events, concepts, etc. , nowadays lay their base on online marketing to get recognized in the market (Zarrella, 2010). When eBay was started, it was just a hobby, an experiment to see if people could use the Internet to be empowered through access to an efficient market. It was really about helping people connect around a sphere of interest so they could do business. † (Pierre Omidyar, eBay) 1. 2 Aim and Objective * To study the new media marketing strategies used by dotcom Entrepreneurs in India and to determine the most effective practices for the same. To study the dotcom entrepreneurs and their strategies in India. * To analyze the new media marketing strategies used by dotcom entrepreneurs. To identify the different marketing strategies of business enterprises using new media technology. * To determine the effectiveness of new media marketing. 3. Literature Review Scott (2009) states the reasons for brand promoters preferring online web for marketing is that the tools, techniques and content are constantly evolving. The buyers reward creativity by responding to the online efforts like: â€Å"If you are open to trying out new things, you can be first in your industry to use something new to communicate to your buyers†. The rules of marketing had to change and the web has proved a catalyst in bringing the changes forward and amplifying their scale. The sudden emergence of the Web 2. 0 marketing techniques demand additional approaches, while most marketers are still wrestling with the first generation, savvy brands are exploring the landscape that social media and social networks create for marketers. These techniques are allowing much deeper drivers in social change to be unleashed, with a profound impact on planning customer connections. The new generation of relationship marketing responds to the additional challenges of digital media literacy and in the right hands can trigger a rebuild of the entire marketing mix through different strategies. Relationship marketing for the Face book generation demands both thinking and acting differently (Chaffey 2003). Stroud (2007) says that the ability of social networking sites to generate these huge volumes of web traffic is proof of their huge popularity. Google, Yahoo and News International have bought themselves a presence in the social networking arena. The detailed rationale for these acquisitions differs but all have a common theme of wanting access to the enormous audiences. Visitors to online websties as well as social networking sites are significantly more likely than average to visit leisure-oriented retail site categories, such as music, jewelry/luxury goods/ accessories, consumer electronics and apparel. People typically enjoy sharing their experiences with these products, whether it is to talk about their new iPhone or the pair of designer jeans they just bought. Social networking sites offer the venue for those conversations to occur. Online media advertising is ideal for promoting brand recognition. Still, there is no doubt that advertising via online media sites is an effective way to increase your overall revenue stream (Brinlee, 2007). 3. 1 Research Methodology To analyze and find the effective use of online marketing strategy in developing a business online, and to find the effective marketing strategy used online by online Entrepreneurs. Communication was done with the survey method and content analysis in the research. Methods of Data Collection: The survey method helped in finding out the reach of the websites with their advertisements and marketing strategies which they use online to promote their business, and the ways of impact of the online marketing strategies. And the content analysis is another method used to analyse the different kind of communication strategy and marketing strategy used by the online entrepreneurs with certain parameters among the top 10 online e-commerce websites. 3. 1. 2 Research Design: This research study adopted survey and content analysis in order to find the effectiveness and the impact of the marketing strategies used in branding any product or the service among the target market through Flipkart. com, Futurebazaar. com and Naaptol. com with respect to international market group Amazon. com and ebay. in. 3. 2 Survey: Survey was conducted randomly among young adults community, by sending questionnaire through online to collect the individual opinion from the respondents. 3. 2. 1 Sampling Method Non probability sampling was used to collect the opinion from the online respondents. Purposive sampling method in non probability sampling was used to get the results. Questionnaire is used as a tool and online media is being planned to be taken as the medium of the findings. The total population is online media user community, but to collect the effective data the sampling is constrained to the target population like young adults, graduates within the age of 16 years to 40 years.

Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell Tale Heart Essay

Edgar Allan Poe’s The Tell Tale Heart relates the story of one man’s obsession at the seemingly trifle and otherwise common place prospect of the gaze of another’s eyes. So consumed is this person of his obsession with the eyes belonging to his tenent or landlord that one night he decides to gouge it off, kill its owner, and bury the eyeball in question under the floorboard. Needless to say, Edgar Allan Poe succeeds in exacting yet another dose of terror, dread and trepidation from his readers. The stated sentiments exist partly because of the plot, but largely because of Poe’s use of visual imagery, characterized by words which harp on the senses as people perceive it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These perceptions, the heightened sensations that the narrator, who is in fact, also the murderer in the story, feels –   in the extent of the short story is given structure by the way which he proceeds to talk of his victim. He writes first of being alluded to the eye, not being particularly attached to it initially, but describing it with an endearment out of place, and with a distinction which one would not normally employ when referring to something as ordinary as one of the five senses, except perhaps if people were talking about their lovers (which the narrator is not). His interest shifts and evolves as the story progresses. Talk of the eye in question becomes irrational to the point of alarming, and readers know at this point that something ominous is about to ensue. The narrator begins to talk distinctly of the eye as it were a separate entity, separate from that of its owner, the landlord, who he admits of being nothing but kind, and not having mistreated him in any way. His loving and long winded descriptions regarding, and romancing the eye in question, and the person to whom it belongs to culminates in a course of action which brings him to the landlord’s bedroom in the middle of the night. While in the victim’s sleep, he decides to take the eye for himself, and he describes it with such loving and final triumph as though it were a destiny and an important task that had long been awaiting fruition, and the time has come for it to bear fruit.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   More than what has already been narrated and told in the plot, the story tells of one man’s obsessive longing, his ascension to insanity (or a closely related version of it) because of the pursuit of that longing, and the consummation of the same longing and madness by means of taking matters into his own hands, and literally plucking out from the face of the earth what had been bothering him for so long. Although not the most pleasant of activities, and certainly not the one people would resort to as a matter of routine or principle. But for the narrator, for the person who needed to put an end to this longing, this itch, this gap which need to be filled, it meant the world and more. It meant a sense of triumph. It indulged his senses and satisfied his itch for an irrational but complex need to fill up a gap in his inner being and sanctum. Despite the questionable ethical as well as moral tendency with which he proceeded in committing the crime, to him it was a necessary road to ease and fulfillment. A Poem As It Regards to the Tell Tale Heart True, people are kind and truer still, people are beautiful but beauty exists in fewer instances these days. In smaller and smaller and smaller packages. So come dearest, let us you and me — die

Developmental Psychology and Anecdotal Assignment

CLDDV 101 Anecdotal Observation Assignments â€Å"Education of the mind without education of the heart is not education at all. † Aristotle Goal – Observing Children The goal of observation is to enhance your understanding of the major concepts and milestones of development through observation of real children rather than just reading or hearing about how children grow and develop. Child development refers to the kinds of changes that occur from conception through late adolescence.Physical (fine and gross/large motor), cognitive, emotional, social, self-help, and aesthetic development will be explored through these observations, providing a brief account of development as it occurs. In addition, using well-written anecdotal records teachers are better able to track a child’s interests, how a child is getting along, learning, and progressing in a program, become the basis for planning developmentally appropriate curriculum to help the child build skills, and have documentation to support classroom assessments.Observations, recorded over time, and representative of all domains of development can present a comprehensive picture of a child’s development . Child Development/Developmental Domains: Child development focuses on the processes of change and stability in children from conception through late adolescence. Developmental scientists study both quantitative change and qualitative change in children. Quantitative change is a change in number or amount, such as in height, weight, size of vocabulary, or frequency of communication and is continuous throughout childhood.Qualitative change is a change in kind, structure, or organization and is discontinuous. It is marked by the emergence of new phenomena that cannot be anticipated easily on the basis of earlier functioning. One example is the change from a nonverbal child to one who understands words and can use them to communicate. The processes of change and stability that developmental scientists study occur in domains. For purposes of study, developmental scientists separate the domains into different aspects of the self including physical (small and large muscles), cognitive, emotional, and personalsocial.All domains are interrelated. Physical Development: growth of the body and brain, the development of sensory capacities and motor skills including health. Cognitive Development: change and stability in mental abilities, such as learning, memory, language, thinking, moral reasoning, and creativity. Emotional Development: change and stability in the development of a full range of emotional responses to events and interactions from sad to happy to angry, and learning to deal with them appropriately. Social Development: growth in one’s ability to interact and communicate with others in meaningful ways. 01 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 1 Piaget’s Concrete Pre-operational Stage (2-7 years of age) The preschool-aged children that you will be observing have entered into Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive development. The key feature of children’s thinking in this stage is symbolic representation. The child is now able to use a symbol, an object, or a word to stand for something else. The use of symbols can be clearly seen in the child’s use of language; for example, the child can now represent objects in the environment with the appropriate word and can refer to past and future events.The use of symbols is also apparent in children’s drawings, imitation, mental imagery, and symbolic play. For example, a preoperational child might be observed feeding her doll imaginary cereal or drawing a picture of the balloons at her last birthday party. Thinking in terms of symbols does permit more flexibility and planning in their problem solving. Despite these increases in cognitive skills, the thought processes of preoperational children result in characteristic differences in reasoning. Because they do no t use logical operations, their reasoning often seems flawed to adults.One of the most easily observed differences in how preoperational children reason at this age is the tendency to view the world from one’s own perspective only, a phenomenon that Piaget termed egocentrism. Because of egocentric thinking, preoperational children may â€Å"hide† by covering their eyes or only parts of their bodies, believing that if they can’t see the seeker than they, themselves, can’t be seen. Other preoperational reasoning errors result from thinking that is intuitive, rather than logical.For example, preschool children are incapable of conservation – they do not understand that certain properties of objects, such as volume or mass, do not change just because the superficial appearance of the object changes. Preoperational children are not only tied to their perceptions, they are also unable to de-center their thinking, or think about more than one aspect of a problem at a time. Their thinking shows what Piaget called irreversibility – they are unable to reverse or mentally undo an action. During this stage of development, children acquire new words at an astronomical rate.These rapid gains in children’s vocabulary are accompanied by mastery of more complex grammatical structures such as forming past tenses and plurals. As children acquire the grammatical rules of their language, a type of error called overregularization may occur in which children overuse the basic rules of language. For example, a 2 ? or 3-year-old may say, â€Å"I bringed my puppy,† or â€Å"My feets are cold. † Children also become more likely to use correct syntax – that is, they become more aware of how words should be ordered to convey a particular meaning. Children’s knowledge about gender and gender-role expectations develops very early.Preschoolers have a strong sense of gender identity, a sense of being male or female. Between the ages of 4 and 6, children develop gender constancy; the realization that gender stays the same regardless of how one looks or behaves. At this point, they may adopt very rigid standards for what they believe is appropriate male and female dress and behavior. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 2 Preschool children are more likely to play with sex-appropriate toys; that is, boys are more likely to play with stereotypical â€Å"boy toys† – such as trucks; and girls are more likely to play with stereotypical â€Å"girl toys† – such as dolls and kitchen sets.Over the preschool years, gender segregation also increases, as children are more likely to play with same-sex peers rather than opposite-sex peers. Preoperational children’s social interactions become increasingly reciprocal and coordinated, which is reflected in their play. Children’s play can be divided into four categories, ranging from least to most socially complex – nonsocial activity (onlooker and solitary), parallel play, associative play, and cooperative play. Around the age of 4 of 5 there is a developmental shift in the type of play in which children engage.Four and five year olds begin to demonstrate constructive play, drawing pictures or working on puzzles in pairs or groups, purposefully creating and constructing something together. Play also becomes more complex as children begin to experiment with both everyday and imaginary roles through pretend or dramatic play. This type of play involves advances in cognition, perspective taking, and communication skills. While there are individual differences in development, most children develop typically.Some children, however, may show significant maturational delays or differences – these children are often identified with developmental disabilities. While many developmental disabilities are identified based on delays or differences from what we know of typical development, and differe nt labels are used to describe the patterns of difference. It is important to remember, however, that a child with a disability is first and foremost a child, and that all children are typical in many ways. So instead of saying ‘disabled child’, it is more appropriate and respectful to state ‘a child with a disability. Writing Skills †¢ If you struggle with your writing skills, there are several resources including enrolling in CLDDV-48, securing a mentor through the Mentor Program (see instructor for referral), utilizing MJC’s writing lab or tutoring center, or working with a skilled highschool or college student or peers to review your assignments before they are due. The following pointers will help your success in writing effective and informative observational reports. o Use the spell and grammar check functions in your computer’s writing program. Carefully review versions of commonly used words such as they’re (they are), their (the ir shoes), and there (There are the missing shoes. ) o Carefully review words such as then and than ? Then connotes the relationship between actions, such as, â€Å"We will learn about anecdotal records and then running records. † ? Than connotes a comparative measurement, such as, â€Å"Amanda is taller than Dylan. † o The over use of the word â€Å"then† is another area to consider. Try to limit your use of it in your observational reports as it is often used excessively. o Learn the correct format for quotations.Anytime you are reporting what the child said, you must use the standard quotation format. Example: Kevin could not reach the ball. He said, â€Å"Teacher will you get the ball for me? † †¢ 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 3 o When children are using tricycles, the word that describes how their feet work is pedal. Examples: He pedaled. She pedaled. He was pedaling. o Write your anecdotal observational reports in past tense. This means y our verbs will often end in â€Å"ed†. Examples: Julia played with the trains. Kevin walked from the blocks to the carpet area. Keifer asked the teacher, â€Å"May I have my turn now? How to record your observation: Directions †¢ Observations must occur in a licensed preschool center-based program. Licensed children’s centers are programs that operate either preschool and/or full-day childcare services for children between 30 months and 5 years of age. They are licensed by the State of California, Department of Social Services, Community Care Licensing and receive site visits and inspections on a regular basis. †¢ The following are NOT acceptable as observation sites: family child care homes, faith based nursery programs, family events, park visits, or play dates.Past experience has demonstrated that these observations are not effective for the purpose of this course. †¢ Select a program that is willing to work cooperatively with you and provide the nec essary information such as the child’s birth date. It is appropriate to give a fictitious name to the child to keep the child’s name anonymous. †¢ Find a position where you can observe without interfering or interacting with the activities of the classroom. Come prepared with your paper and writing implements so that you do not interrupt the staff. A clipboard or supportive binder is appropriate, so that you can write â€Å"on your lap. Keep a low profile. †¢ Computer Generated Work/Word Processed Work/Paper Headings: All papers must be word processed (typewritten), with no less than a 12 font, space and a half. In addition, each paper submitted is required to be labeled with the information below in the top left hand corner of the first page. Please number each page and staple all pages together. †¢ Papers will be graded as follows: o Required Information – 10% o Conforms to format provided – 10% o Written content, answers assignment â₠¬â€œ 50% o Writing (grammar, spelling, syntax, structure, etc. – 30% †¢ Developmental Domains/required to focus on for each observation o Anecdote #1-Physical Development/Large Motor Skills (i. e. pedaling a tricycle, hopping, skipping, swinging) or Physical Development/Small Motor Skills (i. e. cutting, drawing, painting, beading) o Anecdote #2- Cognitive Development (i. e. pre-math, science, memory, cause/effect, following directions) o Anecdote #3-Emotional Development (i. e . typically there will be some type of social interaction where you record the child’s emotional response to the interaction) 01 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 4 o Anecdote #4-Social Development (i. e. a social interaction between the child you select and one other child; you may NOT record an observation between a child and an adult. ) Please record the conversation between the two children. This anecdote may be slightly longer than your first three anecdotal observations. Anecdote: †¢ †¢ Write verbs in past tense. Select ONE preschool-aged child who is 3, 4, or 5 years of age. The child you select is the focus in your anecdote. Follow the child as s/he moves, if necessary.Quickly record in sequence all activity and try to quote, word for word, the child’s speech. It is not necessary to quote a teacher’s comments; just summarize teacher comments. Your very first sentence in the anecdote needs to identify that the child who is the primary focus. Observe and document in writing a developmentally significant event; keep written documentation for later use when typing so that you are not pulling from memory. A developmentally significant event is representative of the child’s particular age and stage of development.Typically, a significant event in the child’s day is something that you would share with the parent/caregiver at the end of the day while discussing the child’s growth and development. Be specific and date each ane cdote. Times – note beginning time of significant moment. The anecdote is one short story, which is organized around a beginning, middle and end of a story. Some anecdotes may be 15 minutes long (i. e. several sentences) especially when documenting social interactions and conversations but most will be 2-3 minutes long (i. . 5-7 sentences. ) Avoid subjective statements where you give your opinion or make inferences about things like, o Goodness or badness (instead of saying that the child’s behavior was bad, state that when the other child grabbed the puzzle, the child reached over and hit) o Intentions (instead of saying that the child was waiting for the teacher to notice him, state without saying a word, the child was quietly standing next to his teacher) o Feelings/Emotions (instead of saying child is mad, state child is stomping feet, etc. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Skill Building: †¢ †¢ †¢ Verbs will be written in a mixture of tenses as you share what child did in the past in order to explain child’s current skill base Include two specific skills that the child is learning as from the documented significant event. Write two complete sentences and identify the domain area (i. e. aesthetic development; cognitive development, emotional development; physical development/fine motor; physical development/ large motor; elf-help skills; social development. ) 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 5 Subjective Summary: †¢ †¢ †¢ Verbs will be written in a mixture of tenses as you share what child did in the past in order to explain child’s current skill base You, the observer, share your professional opinion about what you observed during the developmentally significant moment. When you share your opinion, follow it with a statement of something observed to support your statement.Stay away from words such a good and great and also stay away from labeling and diagnosing behavior such as att ention-deficit or autism. ) Suggestion to help the child continue to progress (When making the suggestion, take a look at the child’s current skill base and then make a suggestion to scaffold to a more complex activity): †¢ You, the observer, share your professional recommendation for future curriculum activities. Suggest similar activities that will help the child increase proficiency in the area that s/he is building skills.If the child appears to be at the mastery level of his/her developmental stage of development, then suggest a more complex activity that you believe is still developmentally appropriate for that child. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 6 Sample Anecdotal Assignment (Set up your assignment using this same format; the sample format in the syllabus is not correct. You are welcome to copy and paste this sample into your own word document and then replace the existing information with your information. CLDDV 101 Last name, first name: Smith, Laurie Tit le of Assignment: Anecdotal Observation #1 Due Date: Wednesday, September 15, 2010 Date Turned In: Wednesday, September 15, 2010 (on time) or Wednesday, September 22, 2010 (late) (Note: if you are turning in the assignment on time, then you will enter the same date for â€Å"Due Date† and â€Å"Date Turned In. † If you are turning it in 7 days late, then you will enter two different dates. Name of preschool: Address of preschool: Phone number of preschool: Name of head teacher: Date of visit: Time of significant event: Number of teachers present: Number of children present: Name of child (it is okay to give the child a fictitious name): Angelica Birth date of child: January, 2006 Age of child including years and months: 4 years and 8 months Focused on the following developmental domain: Physical Development/Large Motor Objective Anecdote (do NOT use subjective words such as happy, sad, nervous, excited): While outside during free choice, Angelica walked over to Daisy a nd asked, â€Å"Do you want to go swing? Daisy responded with a smile on her face, and then they ran to the swings. With the help of a teacher giving Angelica some starter pushes, she smiled and began to pump. She looked at Daisy and said, â€Å"Look. I’m up so high! † Daisy, who was pumping on the swing next to her, responded by saying, â€Å"Me too. † Angelica continued to swing next to Daisy for a few more minutes before moving to another activity. Skill Building (select from chart below or create your own): In terms of Angelica’s physical development/large motor skills, she is developing balance and strengthening the large muscles in her arms and legs as she pumps on the swing.A second skill that Angelica is building is in the area of social development. The emergence of prosocial behavior is observed as she respectfully invites the other child to swing and then continues to interact with her in a positive manner during this interaction. Subjective S ummary (in this area you can use your opinion): After observing Angelica swing, it is believed that she has well-developed physical coordination in the area of her large motor skills as she is able to sustain pumping on the 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 7 swing with just a little help from the teacher getting her started.In addition, Angelica appears to play well with other children as noted when she not only respectfully invited another child to swing, but also continued to initiate a conversation with the other child while swinging. Suggestion to help the child continue to progress (When making the suggestion, take a look at the child’s current skill base and then make a suggestion to scaffold to a more complex activity): In the area of curriculum development, it is suggested that Angelica continue to be provided with opportunities to engage in large motor activities such as swinging, running, jumping, climbing, and pedaling on a tricycle.Since, she already knows how to pump while on the swing, it is suggested that the teachers show her how to start the swing moving back and forth without the help of a teacher. This is a difficult skill to learn, so it is important to allow Angelica the choice to start on her own and/or get a starter push from a teacher as she works on skill building in this area. (If she was not able to pump at four years and eight months, you might say: She is encouraged to continue to practice swinging with the support of a teacher who can break down the steps as she teaches her how to pump.If she was only three years old, you might say: She is encouraged to continue to have positive experiences on the swing with the help of a teacher putting her on the swing and pushing her. As she grows older, a teacher can break down the steps as she teaches her how to pump. ) 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 8 Use this chart to help you locate skills that the child is developing. The Creative Curriculum Goals and Objectives at a Glance SOCIAL-EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT: COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT: Sense of Self Learning and Problem Solving -Shows ability to adjust to new situations. Observes objects and events with curiosity. -Demonstrate appropriate trust in adults. -Approaches problems flexibly -Recognizes own feelings and manages -Shows persistence in approaching tasks. them appropriately. -Explores cause and effect. -Stands up for rights. -Applies knowledge or experience to a new context. Responsibility for Self and Others -Demonstrates self-direction and independence. -Takes responsibility for own well being. -Respects and cares for classroom environment and materials. -Follows classroom routines. -Follows classroom rules. Prosocial Behavior -Plays well with other children. Recognizes the feelings of others and responds appropriately. -Shares and respects the rights of others. -Uses thinking skills to resolve conflicts. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT: Gross Motor -Demonstrates basic locomotor skills (i. e. running, jumping, hop ping, galloping. ) -Shows balance while moving. -Climbs up and down. -Pedals and steers a tricycle (or other wheeled vehicle. ) -Demonstrates throwing, kicking, and catching skills. Fine Motor -Controls small muscles in hands. -Coordinates eye-hand movement. -Uses tools for writing and drawing. Logical Thinking -Classifies objects. Compares/measures. -Arranges objects in a series (i. e. sequence/set. ) -Recognizes patterns and can repeat them. -Shows awareness of time concepts and sequence. -Uses one-to-one correspondence. -Uses numbers and counting. Representation and Symbolic Thinking -Takes on pretend roles and situations. -Makes believe with others. -Makes and interprets representations (i. e. be a symbol for. ) LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT: Listening and Speaking -Hears and discriminates the sounds of language. -Expresses self using words and expanded sentences. -Understands and follows oral directions. Answers questions. -Asks questions. -Actively participates in conversations. Readin g and Writing -Enjoys and values reading. -Demonstrates understanding of print concepts. -Demonstrates knowledge of alphabet. -Uses emerging reading skills to make meaning from print. -Comprehends and interprets meaning from books and other texts. -Understands the purpose of writing. -Writes letters and words. 2001 Teaching Strategies, Inc. Washington, DC. Permission is granted to duplicate in programs implementing The Creative Curriculum. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 9Use the following ideas to help you locate more skills that the child is developing. The developmental domain area (i. e. physical development, cognitive development, etc. ) is not identified; therefore, you will need to identify the domain area when selecting skills from below. What Children Learn from Play WHEN I EASEL PAINT I LEARN: -to develop imagination and creativity. -hand-eye coordination. -to distinguish and purposely create shapes. -to express feelings and ideas. -that ideas have value. -relationship s of space and size. -concepts of symmetry, balance, and design.WHEN I CUT WITH SCISSORS I LEARN: -to control the small muscles in my hand. -concepts of shape, size, color, and location. -to exercise imagination and creativity. WHEN I SCRIBBLE AND DRAW I LEARN: -to hold a pencil or other drawing implement and to control the pressure. -hand-eye coordination. -to exercise imagination and creativity. -that ideas have value. -Concepts of shape, size, color, and location. WHEN I FINGER PAINT I LEARN: -to exercise imagination and creativity. -about how colors mix to make new colors (science. ) -concepts and shape, size, color, and location. hand-eye coordination. -an acceptable way to make a mess, and have fun sharing ideas with others who are near. WHEN I PASTE, GLUE, AND COLLAGE I LEARN: -to exercise imagination and creativity. -concepts of shape, size, color and location, and design, relevant to reading. -about different textures. -how to create patterns and designs, a math skill. WHEN I PLAY WITH PLAY DOUGH OR CLAY I LEARN: -to see the shape against the background of the table, a reading skill. -concepts of shapes, sizes, length, and height. -to see negative space when cookie cutter shapes are taken away. to express feelings, especially negative feelings with squeezing and pounding. -to exercise imagination and creativity. -that the amount of a substance remains the same even when the shape changes. WHEN I PLAY WITH SAND I LEARN: –to exercise my imagination. –concepts of size, shape, and volume; empty and full. –how to use tools. –to solve problems. –concepts of warm and cool, wet, damp, and dry, heavy and light. –how to play socially with others. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 10 –to create own patterns and symbols, reading and writing skills. –to observe changes, a science skill.EXAMINING OBJECTS AT A NATURE TABLE HELPS ME LEARN: -new vocabulary. -concepts of texture, color, weight, and size. -to gro up objects into categories. -to observe likenesses and differences. -to appreciate nature and develop a sense of wonder. WHEN I SORT THINGS I LEARN: -to notice details, likenesses, differences and to form categories, essential reading and math skills. -concepts of color, size, and shape. -numeral concepts of more and less. -logical reasoning. WHEN I STRING BEADS I LEARN: -hand-eye coordination. -concepts of color, shape, and location. number concepts like more, less, longer, and shorter. -to create and reproduce patterns. -pride in accomplishment. WHEN I PLAY WITH PEGBOARDS I LEARN: -one-to-one correspondence, one peg for one hole, a pre-math skill. -to make and repeat patterns, a pre-math skill. -concepts of addition as I add one peg at a time. -colors. -symmetry, shapes, order, and design. -hand-eye coordination. WHEN I DO COOKING PROJECTS I LEARN: -about nutrition, tastes, and food groups. -how heat and cold change things. -concepts of volume and measure. -vocabulary. -whole-part relationships, math concepts. awareness of my own and other cultures. WHEN I PLAY WITH BLOCKS, CARS, AND TRUCKS I LEARN: -concepts of shape, size, length and location, all reading and math skills. -to create and repeat patterns, a math skill. -to exercise imagination. -to express ideas. -to cooperate with others. -to solve problems. -about the properties of wood. -to see oneself from a different perspective, that of a giant. WHEN I DO THINGS FOR MYSELF (SELF-HELP SKILLS), I LEARN: -to competently care for own needs. -to control the small muscles in hands when buttoning and zipping. -to problem solve. to see oneself from a different perspective, that of a capable person. -self-confidence, as new skills are mastered. -I can teach others to help themselves. -awareness of the importance of hygiene when I wash my hands before eating or after toileting. WHEN I PLAY ON RIDING TOYS I LEARN: -strength, balance, and large muscle coordination. -to use energy in a constructive way. -concepts o f speed, direction, and location. -to use imagination as I pretend to be different characters and to make different â€Å"road† noises. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 11 -to negotiate and take turns. to solve problems -self-confidence, as I master new skills. WHEN I PLAY ON CLIMBING EQUIPMENT I LEARN: -physical strength, coordination, and balance. -to use imagination. -to cooperate with others when involved in group play. -to solve problems. -self-confidence as I develop new skills. WHEN I PARTICIPATE IN CIRCLE TIME ACTIVITIES I LEARN: -to listen, sit still, and understand spoken words. -that ideas added to the discussion have value. -to wait when others are talking. -new vocabulary words. -to remember the words of songs and poems I have learned. -the names of others in the group. to cooperate and be considerate of the needs of others. -to help plan what we will do and what we will need to do it. WHEN I LOOK AT BOOKS AND LISTEN TO STORIES I LEARN: -that learning to read is important and enjoyable. -that letters on a page represent words. -to express own thoughts, feelings and ideas better. -to exercise imagination. -to interpret pictures to represent words and ideas. -to listen well to spoken language. -to make up own stories. -to handle books with care. -to recognize certain words when I see them in print. -to use more complex language patterns in my own speech. to follow the development of thoughts and ideas in the plot of a story. Reading to children frequently is one of the surest ways to ensure that they themselves will become eager and capable readers. WHEN I SING SONGS I LEARN: -principles of music and rhythm -vocabulary. -memory skills and sequencing. -to be conscious of others. -various concepts emphasized in songs. -â€Å"auditory discrimination† recognizing differences in sounds, necessary for learning to read. -awareness and identification with my culture and other cultures. WHEN I PLAY RHYTHM INSTRUMENTS I LEARN: -to be consciou s of rhythm in music. concepts of fast, slow, loud, and soft. -to express oneself in new and different ways. -listening skills. -â€Å"auditory discrimination† recognizing differences in sounds, necessary for learning to read. -to interpret and understand signals and cues. WHEN I PLAY LETTER GAMES I LEARN: -to recognize and name upper and lower case letters. -to associate letters with the sounds they represent. -to recognize own name and other words. WHEN I DANCE I LEARN: -balance and coordination. -to be conscious of the moods and rhythms of the music. -to express myself physically. 101 anecdotal assignment 9/29/2010 12 WHEN I PLAY WITH PUPPETS I LEARN: -to express ideas with words. -to take on the role of someone else. -to use voice tones as well as words. -to use imagination. WHEN I PLAY IN THE DRESS-UP AREA I LEARN: -to be flexible in my thinking and to make decisions. -to express oneself with my words. -to try on different adult roles. -to solve social problems through n egotiation with friends. -to sort and organize play things. -to improvise and use things in a symbolic way to represent something else, abstract thinking. -to exercise my imagination and creativity.WHEN I SAY GOOD-BYE TO MY FAMILY WHEN I ARRIVE TO SCHOOL I LEARN: -that the loving relationships that I have created with my family provide me with the confidence and the ability to create caring relationships at school with my teachers and my friends. -how to say goodbye. -to express how I feel; and I learn that my feelings will be accepted. -that my family will consistently return each day to take me home. -that I am a capable person. 2001 Teaching Strategies, Inc. Washington, DC. Permission is granted to duplicate in programs implementing The Creative Curriculum. 101 anecdotal assignment 09/29/2010 13

Judaism and Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Judaism and Divorce - Essay Example Although divorce in the United States of America is governed primarily by state laws, religion also plays an important role when many people consider divorce as an option. This is true whether the married couple is Christian, Jewish, Mormon, or attached to any other religious institution. What results is a multi-layered approach to divorce in which religious scripture exists alongside state law as a governing set of principles and processes. Of particular interest is when religious doctrine cannot be neatly harmonized with secular state laws; this is significant because there are instances, such as in the case of Judaism, when a civil divorce is granted under a state's laws but not granted pursuant to Jewish doctrine. The consequences can be especially difficult for Jewish women. This essay will examine this multi-layered approach to divorce, the tension that can exist between religious scripture and state divorce law, and how divorce among Jews compares with people from other religi ons. As a preliminary matter, divorce must be considered within a legal context. In the United States that means a combination of federal and state law; in the case of divorce, state laws are fundamentally controlling. Indeed, as stated by a leading scholar in the field, "Judges, scholars and practitioners commonly assume that family law decisions are quintessentially matters of state law. For example, a common theme of the Supreme Court's federalism decisions is the assertion that "family law (including marriage, divorce, and child custody).

Project writting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project writting - Essay Example some cases may be investigated after the outbreak which may result in failure to get appropriate information since other people thought to be involved would no longer be available which would result in getting skewed information with regards to the outbreak of the foodborne illness. The transmission patterns of the disease are often complex hence there would be need for getting detailed information that could be helpful in the determination of such outbreaks. As a result of language barriers or poor employee communication, it can also be difficult to get useful information that could be useful when attempting to determine the outbreak of foodborne diseases. It is often difficult to extract relevant information regarding the role of the food worker in the cause or spread of the outbreak. In some cases, other workers are employed on contract basis and are bound to shift from place to place hence it would be difficult to identify these and observe for symptoms in case of outbreak of disease. Workers are sometimes infected with agents such as norovirus, hepatitis A virus (HAV), salmonella and shigella for instance, hence there would be need to gather all the information that may be relevant. (i) The Brazilian case of multiple foods in which staphylococcus aureus is cited as agent where 2000 were hospitalised and 16 died could have easily been avoided if the prepared food was refrigerated to avoid contamination rather than leaving it at room temperature for a long period. (ii) An outbreak caused by fruit salad in California where hepatitis A virus is agent was responsible for 166 hospitalisations. This outbreak could have been avoided if measures were taken to relieve the ill person from duty until fully recovered. (iv) Salmonella Typhimurium caused an outbreak of diseases in Oregon as a result of intentional contamination of salad bars. This outbreak could have been avoided if all the bars were disinfected using detergents such as jik or other effective

Hyperbola Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Hyperbola - Research Paper Example Different conics have different ranges of eccentricity. Hence a type of conic is identified by the value of eccentricity and if the value of eccentricity is greater than one then the conic is named as hyperbola. Hyperbola is logically very close to that of ellipse in all its mathematical features. The basic and fundamental difference between the ellipse and a hyperbola is enumerated by the difference in the eccentricity value since ellipse eccentric value is greater than zero but less than 1. Actually this difference can be understood in 2D as for ellipse the sum of distances from foci and a point on that of ellipse is fixed. Whereas in hyperbola it is the difference in the distances from foci and a point on hyperbola is fixed. The diagram of a hyperbola reveals the fact that a hyperbola is actually composed of two parts which are disjoined with each other and two parts are positioned on equal distances with each other. As the value of the eccentricity of hyperbola come closer to 1 t he edges of the cups of the hyperbola are lessened with each other coming closer on the other hand if the value of eccentricity increases the edges of the cup widens and the two ends of cup go more far with each other. 1. Mathematical And Geometric Features In Hyperbola Hyperbola has many geometric and mathematical features as that of ellipse. ... There is another axis at the centre of hyperbola which is perpendicular to that of traverse axis and is called as conjugate axis. The conjugate axis is just like a minor axis as in the case of ellipse. Likewise the transverse axis in a hyperbola is just like a major axis in the ellipse. The centre is a point across which all geometric features are located. This centre point is the intersection of the two axes i.e. the traverse axis and the conjugate axis. The centre point can be located at origin as well as it can be replaced to some point like (h, k), in such case of replacement of centre point the equations and calculations are made accordingly and become bit difficult to solve. The traverse axis is normally parallel to X axis (horizontal) or exactly placed on it, but in other cases the traverse axis can be shifted to Y axis (vertical) for this reason a new hyperbolic curvature is obtained. When the transverse axis is placed on X axis the conjugate axis will be placed on Y axis. Bu t when traverse axis is placed on Y axis the conjugate axis will be shifted to X axis. When traverse axis is placed on or parallel to X axis (horizontal), the ‘x’ component in standard equation of hyperbola is taken as positive. If the transverse axis is placed on or parallel to Y axis (vertical), the ‘y’ component in standard equation of hyperbola is taken as positive while the other ‘x’ component is taken as negative. 2. Hyperbolic Classification There are different types of hyperbola categorized on the basis of their orientation and characteristics. Hyperbolae centre can be placed on origin and as well as any where except origin. Hyperbole transverse axis can be parallel to X axis (horizontal axis), can be made parallel

The Tools and Techniques of Change Management Assignment

The Tools and Techniques of Change Management - Assignment Example The ability to accept a change is important for both individuals and organizations. For both brick-and-mortar and virtual organizations a human resources manager, who is in the unique position of ensuring the agility of the organization’s human capital, faces a lot of important issues which must be given consideration in order to achieve the strategic goals of the company. The important issues needed to be addressed are planned and unplanned change, global and economic change, political, legal, and social change, the role of human resources in virtual organizations and e-commerce, and the role of technology on the function of human resources. (Hughes 2007) The most vital issue facing human resources managers is the ability to gain strategic partnership. Gaining strategic partnership requires adding value to the organization through forecasting, planning, and adapting to the above changes and taking a proactive attitude in managing change. In both brick-and-mortar and virtual organizations, human resources are part of their strategic plans. Included in these plans are both planned and unplanned changes. Strategic leadership needs an understanding of when change is required in an organization. A strategic leader must be proactive instead of reactive. Thus, human resources should create a strategically managed vision for current and future conditions. In virtual organizations, change is a must if they want to succeed in a global, complex, and vague environment.  

5th and 6th Amendment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

5th and 6th Amendment - Essay Example This is why a police officer does not need a warrant when, in the course of a traffic stop, s/he frisks a subject prior to engaging in a discussion with them. The balance of the officer’s personal safety versus the infringement on the privacy of the individual tips in favor of the officer because a reasonable person would perceive the need for safety. Searching the subject or his car for drugs, however, requires a higher standard. Probable cause goes beyond the suspicion that criminal activity has or will take place and moves more into the investigative realm. The probable cause standard is basically the amount of information the police are required to have prior to a search or seizure of property. An office who stops a vehicle for speeding has reasonable suspicion to do so, but does not have authority to search the car. If, however, during the course of the traffic stop the officer sees drug paraphernalia on the back seat, s/he has probable cause to search the cabin of the ve hicle—but not the trunk; that requires consent from the individual or a warrant. If a K-9 unit is brought in based on the paraphernalia and the dog â€Å"hits† on the trunk, a warrant is easily obtained because the police have probable cause to demonstrate a crime is being committed. The Fifth Amendment, in relevant part, states that no person shall â€Å"be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law;†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cornell, 2008, n.p.). The purpose of the clause is to prevent unreasonable searches and seizures similar to that experienced under the British Colonial rule of the American Colonies. The basic premise is that government actors (police officers, prosecutors, other officials) cannot deprive a defendant of life, liberty, or property at a whim or based on nameless suspicion; there is a responsibility held by the officers to ensure that all of a citizen’s rights are protected. The action is

Investigate a criminal prevention program Research Paper

Investigate a criminal prevention program - Research Paper Example There are several crime prevention strategies and programs that use specific approaches to recognize, anticipate, appraise and address crimes or factors that contribute to crime. Crime prevention could be targeted at different levels starting with the individual, family as well as the community (Briggs, 2013). At individual level, crime prevention aims at avoidance of crime and the factors constituting to crime. This means preventing an individual from ever committing a crime. The term crime prevention is used to refer to programs designed in an effort to prevent individuals from committing a subsequent crime. The crime prevention strategies focused on the community target changes in the infrastructure, culture or the physical nature to prevent or reduce crime. Community based crime prevention programs include: Comprehensive programs which encourage involvement of local and state government, the private sector as well as the community to respond to violent crimes, drug abuse and improve the standards of living in the community by incorporating multiple approaches. This is a crime prevention theory that was developed by George Kelling and James Wilson that seems to suggest that preventing minor crimes such as vandalism and public disorderliness is the gateway to preventing crimes that are considered major and life threatening (Neubauer, 2013). As such, if the police were to crack down on minor offenders involved in minor crimes, it would lead to less serious crimes on the streets. The proponents of this theory assert that if left unchecked, street corners will gradually degenerate in to crime infested areas where bullies would take over taking alcohol and drugs openly intimidating citizens and making excessive noises. The broken window is a metaphorical broken window in a building which they argue if left unattended will attract more vandalism in the building. Therefore, broken windows should be fixed as it

Sir Isaac Newton as the Father of Modern Science in Scientific History Research Paper

Sir Isaac Newton as the Father of Modern Science in Scientific History - Research Paper Example Though in the field of physical science his predecessors have excelled in theoretical explanations of the behavior of the physical world, Newton provided theories a solid mathematical ground. He is mostly remembered because of his book â€Å"Philosophia Principia Mathematica† in which he explains the behaviors of moving bodies. Indeed the later development of Einsteinium Physics was greatly contributed to by the Newton’s the ideas and theories that he discussed in â€Å"Principia†. The book â€Å"Principia† brought him the fame and made him a public figure because of its importance to change the commoners’ view of the universe. Obviously Newton’s idea of the universe dominated the knowledge of the physics till Albert Einstein came up with a relative view of the universe in his theory of Relativity. Indeed even after the publishing of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, Newton concept of the universe continued to teach people about the sys tem and functionality of the universe. Newton’s Contribution to Mathematics Newton’s career began with his study on calculus. Though he invented calculus solely, the credit of inventing calculus fell upon the part of German scientist Leibniz. Anyway, in 1669 on the subject of infinite series Newton’s study paper "De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas" was greatly appreciated by his contemporaries. Regarding Newton’s genius Isaac Barrow’s comment was as following: "Mr Newton, a fellow of our College, and very young ... but of an extraordinary genius and proficiency in these things." ... Indeed Newton’s Principia was not written in the language of Calculus, though he comprehensively used infinitesimal calculus in geometric forms. In Principia, Newton effectively employed â€Å"limiting values of the ratios of vanishing small quantities† naming it â€Å"the method of first and last ratios.† (Newton, 1727, p. 46) The use of â€Å"limiting values of the ratios of vanishing small quantities† through the method of indivisibles was the first step to employ calculus in explaining the universe. As a result modern scholars often called Principia â€Å"a book dense with the theory and application of the infinitesimal calculus.† (Truesdell, 1968, p. 99) Indeed Newton was â€Å"distinctly advanced every branch of mathematics then studied† (Ball, 1908, p. 67). During his lifetime Newton significantly contributed to the development and a number of fields of mathematics such as â€Å"generalized binomial theorem†, â€Å"Newton's ide ntities†, â€Å"Newton's method†, â€Å"classified cubic plane curves†, â€Å"theory of finite differences†, and â€Å"use of fractional indices and coordinate geometry to obtain solutions to Diophantine equations† (Truesdell, 1968, p. 68). Newton’s Contribution to Physics One of Newton’s most remarkable contributions to science of his age was â€Å"the invention, design and construction of a reflecting telescope† (Gjertsen, 1986, p. 122) . This telescope had been considered as a significant advancement in the field of telescope technology. But his contributions to Optics were of greater importance. Newton spent several years investigating the refraction of light and invented that white light passed through a prism would decompose into a spectrum

Buying Decisions of the Parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Buying Decisions of the Parents - Essay Example Older children exerted greater influence on their parents; a child’s gender was not a significant factor that influenced their parents’ buying decisions.  Researchers have suggested that, the â€Å"family as a consuming and decision making unit is a central phenomenon in marketing and consumer behavior† (Commuri& Gentry, 2000, p. 1). Since the late 1960’s, marketing managers have identifiedthe central role of the family in decision making and consumption of products (Assael, 1998);family units havebeen at the center of interest of marketers and academics in the line of marketing (Moore, Wilkie, & Lutz, 2002; Shoham&Dalakas, 2005).Joint decisions by the consumer and family members work toward influencing or modifying the desire and disposition of the other family member toward a certain consumer good (Foxall, 1977). A family unit had an intermediating function,and also was the point of integration of an individual within the precincts of a large r society. Being the primary consumption unit, the family was also the primary target for all the available products and their categories (Schiffman&Kanuk, 1983). The family unit might be defined as a group of people residing together who might be related by marriage, blood, or adoption (Loudon & Della Bitta, 1993). A nuclear type of family would consist of a husband, a wife, and their children. An extended family included the nuclear family members and other relatives. During the course of a single day there will be multiple decisions made by family members (nuclear or extended), and in a majority of the cases the wife or the husband will be the prevailing decision maker within the family. Commuri&Gentry Many researchers had focused their studies â€Å"on family consumer behavior and a majority of the literature has been on decision role — who makes what decisions† (Commuri&Gentry, 2000, pp. 8). Other researchessuggeststhat the influence of the wife and the h usband would most likely change according to the (a) product types being considered for consumption, (b) the step reached in the process of decision making,(c) purchase influence type, and (d) the basic characteristics of the particular family that was making the decision (Assael21998).  According to other research, the type of product under consideration was divided into four main categories (see Figure 1). These were: Product types for which the husband had the major influence (Mowen, 1995). Product types for which the wife had the dominant influencing factor (Mowen, 1995). Product types for which the decisions can be taken by either the wife or the husband and for which either spouse can be the dominant factor, called the automaticdecision type (Assael,21998). Product types where the husband and wife go in for a joint decision,called the syncretic decision type (Assael,21998). Figure 1. The family decision making proces. Adapted from Consumer behavior and marketing acti on(p. 462), by H. Assael, 1998, Cincinnati, OH:

Native Americans in the United States and Short Story Essay Example for Free

Native Americans in the United States and Short Story Essay Nacirema The â€Å"Body Ritual among the Nacirema† is a short story about a native American tribe. It wasn’t until more research on my part that I realized that this tribe did not exist. In fact it is a folk tale told in Miner’s own words. In true form Miner gives hint to this short story the Nacirema culture to that of the our culture today. Nacirema is in fact spelled â€Å"American†(Culture). The Nacirema has a hero named â€Å"Notgnihsaw† spelled â€Å"Washington† backwards. There are many similarities to this story as our American culture. Out of similarities Washington is our hero. He was the first President of the United States. Legend has it that Washington â€Å"threw a silver dollar across the Potomac River†, much like the Nacirema threw their native beads across their Pa-To-Mac River. Another story has Washington chopping down a cherry tree. But did Washington actually chop the tree down? â€Å"For he could not tell a lie†. As Americans we have rituals and cultural identities Every household has its â€Å"shrine† much like the Nacirema. Not all shrines are made alike. Is the â€Å"shrine† our homes, our churches, or our bathrooms? Shrines come in all walks of life. Miner gives the perception that the working class go to work and make money. If you have very little money your home is small much like a tent. The more money you make the bigger your home is which is made of brick and mortar. He discuses a specific â€Å"charm box† built into the wall (medicine cabinet). Within this box is collection of magical potions (medicine) where all members of the tribe have faith that he/she cannot live without. â€Å"The most powerful of these are the medicine men, whose assistance must be rewarded with substantial gifts. However, the medicine men do not provide the curative potions for their clients, but decide what the ingredients should be and then write them down in an ancient and secret language. This writing is understood only by the medicine men and by the herbalists who, for another gift, provide the required charm. †(Miner) This indicates folks going to the doctor that write the prescriptions to filled by the pharmacy. Miner talks about how members bow theirs heads in front of the box much like that of washing our hands. The Catholics have a similar ritual of dipping of the fingers in the â€Å"holy water† and doing the sign of the cross(Holy water) or kneeling before entering the pew(Religion:Manners in). The Nacirema have a morbid fascination with their mouths. If it â€Å"weren’t for the rituals of the mouth, they believed their teeth would fall out, their gums bleed. † If these things would have happened they believed their lovers would disown them. † â€Å"The daily body ritual performed by everyone includes a mouth-rite. †(Miner) This is much like the flossing or brushing of our teeth. The floss or bristles on our tooth brush we use is similar to the â€Å"hogs hairs. † The â€Å"magical powders† is that of the tooth paste we brush our teeth with. Miner maintains that the Americans right of passage in ways to throw off the readers. Themes as visiting the doctor, surgical operations, and sex are talked about. I initially didn’t take this story serious in reading it. After thorough research to get a better understanding of the writing I got a eye opening. This story reminds me much of a recent short story â€Å"A Modest Proposal†. Both has similarities of rituals and tales of people. I come from a family of rituals with last names that carry on from family to family or given the middle name of your mother first name. We are all meeting the needs of our own tribes whether it be the Americans, Nacirema or Vietnamese into how each is stereotyped.

Technology to Reduce Employee Stress

Technology to Reduce Employee Stress STRESS BREAKER METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS DESIGN DOCUMENT INTRODUCTION Computers are extremely proficient devices in that they help us with accomplishing more work in less time yet taking a shot at a Computers can be intense on the clients body and brain. This type of work can be stressful and can cause health issues related to brain. Stress is characterized as the bodily and intellectual reaction to intense conditions. Stress is one of the blazing issues that organizations have to deal so that employees can easily produce quality work [2]. Many researchers are of the view that stress has a negative impact on employees performance but at the same time researches have proved that some stressful work conditions are critical to keep employees productive [2]. Stress cannot be eliminated completely as it serves as a driving force if kept at a certain level, so stress needs to be managed [1]. The main focus of this article is to review the literature about the effects of stress and its consequence and how work stress can be managed by taking frequent short breaks in what way music helps to overcome work stress. The relevance review is presented here below. OBJECTIVE Fortunately, stress can be managed by taking frequent short breaks but users often forget to take breaks. As a potential solution, an application will be developed, that gently notifies users to take a break and plays users favorite music based on their consent. This application will be incredibly useful for a lot of people who often forget to take breaks and could increase their productivity. METHODOLOGY In simple terms, methodology is nothing but a system of methods used to develop Application.   The main goal of these methodologies is to make the process more predictable and efficient [11]. Software Development Process Model (SDLC) It is a process of creating or altering information systems, mythologies and models [6]. The Software Development Process Model used to develop this Application is LINEAR-SEQUENTIAL LIFE CYCLE MODEL. It is also referred to as a Waterfall Model. In recent times, the prominent methodological approaches for developing software for a computer based information system are the popular traditional linear-sequential life cycle model [4].As the name itself specifies that the Application development process will be in linear sequential flow. Waterfall model uses a linear approach and is suitable for sequential or procedural design. Fowler [2] confirms that waterfall model divides application based on activities: requirement analysis, design, coding and testing. In The Waterfall approach, complete process of Application development is divided into separate phases. Each phase must be completed before the next phase can begin and there is no overlapping in the phases. The phases involved in waterfalls model are five and they are analysis, design, implementation, testing and operation and maintenance [4]. Fig. The phases of a Waterfall Model (Adapted from Pfleeger and Atlee [4] The sequential phases involved in stress Breaker application development are: Analysis: Analysis describes that what are the requirements needed to develop software system. In general terms it refers to requirement analysis or gathering [1]. This is the first phase in which requirements are gathered from building stress breaker Application. The requirements include Functional Requirements Non- Functional Requirements A functional requirement describes the functionality of the System that is what the Application does with the computation. Use cases are a means to typically capture functional requirements in UML. USE CASE DIAGRAM Represents Dynamic behavior of the Application Use case diagram consists of Actors Use Cases Relationships USE CASE DIAGRAM FOR STRESS BREAKER APPLICATON Steps of execution 1.The user runs the application. 2. After Time event a message box will be displayed The message box contains text and buttons 3. The user can click any button based on his choice Listen music button Cancel button 4a.The user click Listen music button. User gets choice to select the music folder from his desktop Displays playlist message box User has the choice to select previous song ,Next song and Stop song 4b. User click cancel button. Message box is closed Description The user runs the application on his desktop after a specified amount of time period the application executes and display a pop-up Message box. The Message box contains a message and  two buttons. First button has text Listen music when the user selects it, he has a choice to select a  song from music folder from his system. After selecting the music folder a playlist will be displayed providing the user with three more option buttons. The first button is to play previous song. The  next button is for Next Song. Third Button is for stop song. If the user is too busy with his work  or any other important project he has a choice to cancel the message box window by using the cancel button. Functionalities in stress breaker are:   1. The Application executes and displays a pop-up Message box.   2. The Message box contains a message and two buttons. First button has text Listen music The second button is for cancelling. 3a. If the user presses the listen music button user had a choice to select any music folder in his system. 3b. After selecting Music folder user has a choice to select songs of his choice. 4. If the user clicks cancel button the message box will be closed. SYSTEM DESIGN System Design helps in specifying hardware and system requirements and also helps in defining Overall system architecture. NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS Unlike functional requirements Non-functional requirements place constraints on how the system will do .They refer to application non-functional properties, system qualities such as security,accuracy,performance,cost,usability,adaptability,interoperability,reliability and so on.. Typical non-functional requirements include: System information used to develop this application OS Name-Microsoft Windows 10 Pro Version-10.0.14393 Build 14393 Processor-Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-5300U CPU @ 2.30GHz, 2301 Mhz,  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   2 Core(s), 4 Logical Processor(s) Installed memory (RAM)-8.00 GB (7.88 GB usable) System type  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   -64-bit Operating System,x64-based processor State chat Diagram It describes different states of a components in an Application. State chart diagram describes the flow of control from one state to another state in an application. Implementation This phase is concerned with the physical construction of the software as set out in the design stage. Software requirements needed to develop this application are Programming language Python was chosen for the development of this Application Python 3.5 is used in implementing the code for this application. Python is a widely used general-purpose, high-level programming language [10] [9] [6]. It is fast and powerful programming language and it is portable. Python scripts can be used on different operating systems such as: Windows, Linux, UNIX, Amigo, Mac OS, etc. Python is open source .Even though all rights of this program are reserved for the Python institute, but it is open source and there is no limitation in using, changing and distributing [3]. CONSTRAIN REQUIREMENTS GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI) This application is designed using python graphical User Interface (GUI) named Tkinter. Graphical User Interface (GUI) Tkinter is a standard interface that is distributed with Python interpreter. It provides the essential tools for designing GUI. Generated GUIs are in pmw format and they have a similar look on the different platforms. Tkinter are the basic interfaces for designing GUIs in Python [3]. PYGAME MODULE In python programs, code normally contains functions and variables. So when the user quit from our interpreter, all definitions are lost. As user codes get longer, it gets very inconvenient to redefine all the values for variables. To solve this problem, the user has a solution: To support this, Python has a way to put definitions in a file and use them in a Script or in an interactive instance of the interpreter. Such a file is called a module. Module: A module is a file containing Python definitions and statements [5]. Pygame is a set of Python modules designed for writing games and multimedia. It is highly portable and can run nearly every platform and operating system [5]. In this Application pygame feature are used for playing songs. It contains an excellent function for controlling streamed audio. The music module is closely tied to pygame mixer. Here downloaded mp3 songs are converted into the OGG because mp3 support is limited. On some systems an unsupported format can crash the program [7]. INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT (IDE) IDE used to develop this Application is Pycharm. It is one of the integrated development environment (IDE) used in python programming language. Programming code used to develop this application is interpreted in pycharm. Installation process: Step1:Download python 3.5 from python official website www.python.org based on users operating system Step 2:Install it on users system Step 3:Download pygame from python binaries Location [12]. Step 4:Go to python IDLE folder and then scripts and paste the pygame files in that location Step 5:Go to command prompt type PIP install pygame Step 6: pygame is successfully installed n users computer Step 7: Go to pycharm official website [8] and download pycharm and install it. INTEGRATION AND TESTING After the implementation phase the coding is tested by using pycharm debugger and interpreter. MAINTENANCE After the delivery of the Application, a schedule maintenance and support is put into place, to ensure the Application continues to work as designed. ACCURACY AND PRECISION Since this is a desktop application there is less percentage of failure. Cost: This application is inexpensive to develop because the main requirements, develop this application that is python, pygame are open sourced. They can be downloaded for free from their official website. Usability This application is easy to use. Look and feel standards: Pycharm provides many keyboard shortcuts to run the Application F5 To run the python Application in python (IDLE) Alt+Shift+F10-To run the python Application in pycharm Alt+Shift+F9-To debug python Application in pycharm. Modifiability One good thing about python Tkinter is it has many GUI properties available that make the application even more attractive and efficient. Extra GUI properties that can be added to this application is color texts, scroll bar, bold text and many other features. Response time The response time depends on the user choice. Since, this an alert application which breaks the employee stress. The response time depends on the time set by the user. For example, if the user wish to have breaks for every 50 minutes. Then the response time of the application would be 50 minutes. That is after every 50mintues a pop up box will be displayed specifying the user to take breaks and listen the music of his choice. Activity Diagram Activity diagram is basically a flow chart to represent the flow from one activity to another activity. Processing time The processing time for this application is quick. When the user click the listen music button with in no time delay it automatically opens the folder window so that user can select music folder. When the user selects music folder, it imports all the songs from the music folder and display on the playlist. Overall performance time to run this application less than half minute, which is a very short time. Advantage The main benefit of using a waterfall model in developing stress Breaker Applications is it is inexpensive and quick. TOOLS INSTALATION STEPS TO INSTALL PYTHON3.5 In order to use Python, user must install python on his/her computer. Go to the python website www.python.org Click on the Download   menu choice Click on the Python 3.5 Once user downloaded the file , open it.(Double click it) Installation starts Click finish to exit the installer. STEPS TO INSTALL PYGAME User should make sure that his path variable includes both python directory and the scripts directory. Go to http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#pygame Click and download pygame package (64bit/32bit) Go to python IDLE folder and then scripts and paste the pygame files in that location. Now user is ready to install pygame. At the command prompt, user should make sure whether he is in the same directory of python and the type pipinstallpygame: Successfully installed pygame. STEPS TO INSTALL PYCHARM Go to www.jetbrains.com Select IDE Option and select python ide for professional developers. Click on download Select the operating system. There is community and Professional edition. Based on user preference he/she can download it. It starts installing The user needs to accept the license. Successfully installed pycharm. CONCLUSION The purpose of this review was to study affirms that workload is one of the reasons for Stress that can be decreased by taking short breaks and Listing to employee choice of music. Stress cannot be completely eliminated, but can be decreased. A simple solution to this is developing an application that help users to overcome from stress by notifying them to take breaks at regular intervals and indulge them in a brain refreshing activity like listening to music. REFERENCES [1] Bennett, S., McRobb, S. Farmer, R. (2002). Object- Oriented Systems Analysis and Design Using UML Berkshire: McGraw-Hill Education. [2] Fowler, M. (2004), UML Distilled a Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modelling Language, Boston: Pearson Education, Inc. [3]Masoud Nosrati, Sahneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sahneh,Python: An appropriate language for real world programming , World Applied Programming, Vol (1), No (2), June 2011. 110-117 ISSN: 2222-2510  ©2011 WAP journal. www.waprogramming.com 110 [4] Pfleeeger, S.L. Atlee, J.M. (2006). Software Engineering: Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition. US: Prentice Hall. [5]Nizamuddin, Shreshth Kumar, Rishab Kumar, RESEARCH PAPER ON ENDLESS FUN, Dept. Inform Technology, SRM University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, May. 2016. [6] Rob, M.A. (2004). Issues of Structured Vs. Objectoriented Methodology of Systems Analysis and Design. Issues in Information Systems, 5 (1). [7]https://www.pygame.org/docs/ref/music.html [8]https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/ [9]Programming Language Trends OReilly Radar. Radar.oreilly.com. 2 August 2006. [10] TIOBE Software Index (2011). TIOBE Programming Community Index Python. [11]Ronald G. Wolak, System Development: Research Paper 1 SDLC on a Diet, to Nova Southeastern University, April 2001. [12]http://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/python.. CONTENT This paper mainly focuses on Methodology needed to develop an Application which helps the user to come out of stress by providing breaks in regular intervals and listen to user favorite choice of music. The software development process model used to develop this application is linear sequential life cycle model. The phases involved in waterfalls model are five and they are analysis, design, implementation, testing and operation and maintenance [4]. In analysis phase all the requirements are gathering in order to develop this application. The functional requirements in stress breaker application are The Application executes and displays a pop-up Message box. The Message box contains a message and two buttons. First button has text Listen music the second button is for cancelling. If the user press the listen music button user had a choice to select any music folder in his system. After selecting Music folder user has a choice to select songs of his choice. If the user clicks cancel button the message box will be closed. In design phase all the hardware components, system requirements are listed above such a Ram capacity, operating system and processor. The operating system is Windows 10, Ram capacity is 8.00 GB and processor is Intel (R) Core (TM) i5-5300U. In third phase that is implementation phase all the software requirements that are needed to develop coding are listed such as a programming language, integrated development environment, software. Programming language is python 3.5, IDE is Pycharm, python module is a pygame. The development code is tested in pycharm IDLE. This Application is easy to maintain and inexpensive, because all the software components needed to develop this application are open sourced and can be easily downloaded and installed. So stress breaker application is easy to maintain and easy to use.

Reward of motivating good employees

Reward of motivating good employees Executive Summary The report highlight good reward Motivating employees at the workplace has become a challenge for employers today. Profit sharing, Scanlon plan, Annual Bonus, Gain sharing and Merit plane these are employee incentive plan. With this in view, recommendations are made towards developing and implementing reward polices for employees in the different departments of the firm or company, Performance of management is also discussed as a way to enhance productivity. Incentive is good as well wrong decision for employees. In this summary I have define that incentive is most important for employees but on merit base. If any staff member working honestly and just for that company than company have a right to pay him incentive in the shape of bonuses. The total report is on manager and personal ideas about employees motivation. Does it is favourable or against off workers. If against why or if is it favourable than give related example, below of this report I have explain about each plan as well example of motivation. The challenge for management is to perform action new policies by means of endorsement and requirement plan provided at the end of this report. Introduction In this summary I have explain about motivation how employer motivate to workers and get extra work. In short term motivation mean any type of financial reward pay to employees, staff or worker whose production go beyond limits some arrange in advance level of quality. In motivation many factors have been identifying to influence employee attempt at their place of work and group. As well there are best size in consider method and series of action of motivation in organisations. These are the following factors that I am watching to examine. I believe to learn what motivation is about in complete self interest needs one to be motivated inevitably. Motivation in organisations is crucial for employees or workers. Many factors have been identifying to affect employee effort at their place of the work and organisations also there has been a great size in recognized acting technique and processes of motivation in firm. This type of areas which I shall be looking to examine. I believe learni ng what motivation is about in its self interest one to be incentive inevitably motivation in firm is vital for employees. Number of plan has been recognised to effect workers efforts at their place of work and organisation. I could also easily say this is better identifying method and process of incentive in organization. There are following plans which I shall look to analysis. I believe to learn about motivation thus give incentive to employees is better option for organization. As well analyse about inevitably motivation in organization play a vital role for employee. Motivation Theory There are too many theories which have been create to struggle to explain the concept of motivation these theory help to understand employees response in certain situation at work one or other to improve their regular payment reduce their effort. These types of theory help to understand which way motivate to workers in difference organization as well how best way used the movement of incentive to different types of individual. These theories see into workers or peoples, wants, needs and desire and what amount of needs have to achieve the give task or goal. Example: According to the research of CIPD most of the firms which are underdeveloped to communicate with their staff have seen motivation decrease during the time of recession. Example: According to the ‘Farren he speak about 12 human needs which is as follow education, shelter, family, wealth, work, community, mobility, safety, socialising, spiritually thats all human need I believe that all human needs reach or faced by reward, we can get it easily if these factor put in at our place of work and company. Personal ideas on motivation My ideas about motivation is to increase the ability of individual, increase level of skill, as well better way of time knowledge that how to complete task work alongside incentive. I can also tell that personally the ultimate reward is special advantages of motivation in term of money; as well employee has the knowledge about particular task which he has done on time. Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) Employee stock ownership plans is totally companywide plans, in this plan company offer opinion share of its own stock. In this plan cash going to be used for bought such stock as a trust successful to buy shares of the firms stock for workers. In this situation company makes that contribution annually in part of whole to total workers compensation. ESOP plans are mostly used to provide market share of the set off owners successfully and very nearly held in t he companies, to motivate and reward of the workers. In short ESOP is not an employees purchase it is contribute of employees. Some of the companys makes formal preparation for the workers participation is is called employee stock ownership planed. In employees ownership employee can purchase any kind of stock directly, which is given it in bonus shape, or he can get a stock option as well be established through a profit sharing plan. Some of the employees they become an owner of the firm because of workers corporate in this situation everyone have an equal right. Example: The ESOP ASSOCIATION CANADA (Employee Share Ownership Plan) is a non-profit set up institution in November 1990 for the purpose of advance the concept of employee ownership for business in Canada. Employee ownership is an important advice for doing work for economic growth and reorganization business drawing new projects. ( ESOP Association Canada). Example: In 1974, almost 11000 companies have these types of plans with the help of this help they cover up to 13 million employees. According to my ideas these types of plans couldnt used in partnership an especially in most professional local governing authority. ESOP plans only used in S corporation. In this situation private companies they must be repurchase share of change workers. I am as well favourable of ESOP plans can increase their local authority performance if workers can participate in decision which is effecting on work. Profit Sharing Plan It is better way to give incentive company workers profit sharing is most beneficial for both company as well for employees. In this situation both company and staff play a role as win. Profit sharing such commonly used for share profit programme that used for the company productivity as well stock reward to workers. In profit sharing plan all or most workers receive share of the firms annual profit is most popular today. We could easily said in this plan profit are divided between company and workers. Each worker gets percentage of that profit which is based on company earning or company revenue. In profit sharing manager play a very vital role for employees. Because they paid money to employees just for check or related to the output. Management provide or motivate management benefit received attempt. In this situation incentive are paying to employees just related of output and to the scope to which he shares in the rise value of stock that he produces. Example: Ford motor company introduce a profit sharing plan for salaried workers. And General Motors increased its profit sharing payout when profit was improved or increase. Its mean each company pay profit sharing reward to his workers when they get extra profit. This incentive in the shape of company shares. (Dessler, 2005) According to my ideas these type of programme are planned to benefit of employees for the firm increasing its earning or income. In profit sharing or these type planned designed because of bonuses paying to employees, in this situation check before pay hence the performance of company is better in the given time period, month, annual and compared to the current or present year. Profit sharing programme immediate provides to workers and reward paying benefit as well. Example: According to the ‘Dar El profit sharing is an effective incentive, which have added benefit of being a need that is usually never meet condition. With some relating to the law reward system serves to give something support the motivational process which is employee working smarter. (Dar El, 1991) Example: One of the biggest basic structures of the appreciation is to treat workers as they are employers of the company. Thats act of future responsibility to the specific person.(Bob Nelson, 1997) Annual Bonus Plan Annual bonuses mean bonus which is paid end of the year. Such bonus are paid to worker behalf of his work performance or time which is up to one year. In this situation employees only allowed to take 9 days leave in each year. Many firms have annual bonus plans aim to motivating the very short term performance of managers and senior managers mean executive level. Example: According to the BBC news they advertise recently network rail chief executive is to give up his annual bonus for this year saying he does not want it to could discussion of the firms performance. (BBC, 14 May 2009) Example: Displeasure is supporting device over a new bonus scheme at Tesco that will reward chief executive Sir Terry Leahy with a  £11.5m windfall if the supermarket groups US venture Fresh Easy succeeds.(the independent business). Example: My ideas but other members of the Network Rail executive committee are still being considered for payments which could total hundreds of thousands of pounds. Example: The news that holiday bonuses are not so traditional anymore comes in a global survey by HR services firm ‘Hewitt Associates. Example: Up to 207,000 staff at Tesco is shovel share bonuses worth a total of  £98m after the retailers record annual results, it was exposing today. Tesco managers said all staff from checkout employees to store managers which have worked with the supermarket for at least a year by the end of February is valid for the free shares contributes 3.6 per cent of salary, up to a maximum of  £3,000. Gain sharing plan The best system of high level management in which organization search high level of performance through the concern and participation of his workers or employees. As improve in performance and in the profit employees share financially. Gain sharing plans is an motivation plan which engage all workers or staff in a very common struggle to get a organization productivity based on bias. ( Garry Dessler, 2005) In this reward we could said company achieve maintenance in addition key measure performance. That type of reward are payee for increase in performance improvement. Gain sharing reward is increase the feelings of employers as well accountability. Gain sharing motivation feeling of superiority, as well most positive attitude or work towards company. Example: According to my idea gain sharing reward are paid to the performance of team performance not for the performance of individuals. Raise the level of company problems from everyone has a more financial stake for the company success. In gain sharing management require a participative management style which is most stress for each organization. Pay for performance Pay for performance is the best sources of help to date on the issues of whether these concepts work how they can be practical most effectively in the workplace. This important volume looks at pay practice. Performance pay refers to the process of analyse workers amend this is based on bonuses and wages, salary in this situation manager can determine that how much better number of employees performance on work. In simply performance pay make sense to incentive more production of employees for their rise in contribution to the company. EXAMPLE: The best example of performance pay is NHS, AGENDA for CHANGE has successful make something easier pay system of parts for the NHS with the intention of enabling greater able to adapt to new situation and addressing incessant equal pay to failure match. (NHS Executive, 1999) EXAMPLE: According to the civil services, existing performance related (PRP) secret plot have been reviewed and performance as well Makinson report (2000) has suggest a shift to team bonuses which will also be part of chain into target ability. Example: In Education health teacher were integrate on to new scale form performance small in quantity in (1999) and pay review body endorsement that classroom teacher should be included in this scheme (93 percent) were successful in achieving awards. Which in perfect form were pay award linked to performance and talent. Example: According to the Cabinet continuities from the previous period of market based reform are notable with responsibility to long pay with performance maintain and indeed, intensified. (Cabinet Office, 1999) Example: At the very first comprehensive spending review progressed through 1999, the chancellor announced higher than expected general settlement for health and for education, but press sure on pay was maintain now money was tied definite to funding capital projects, such as improve in information technology. Such as hospital waiting lists. Example: Market manipulation by the Prime Minister made it clear that Government did not expect to see pay levels increasing at the same rate as general money spent unless they were linked to result. (Peston and Timmins 1999). FINANCIAL REWARD The organization needs to be recognized requirement and maintain paying policies, method and practices that are reliable with and support effective risk management. There have to be link between response and reward and the incentive system needs to reflect this. I could easily explain financial reward with the help of my ideas this against or favourable of employee as well for organization. There are number of incentive system that a firm could use to motivate its employee. Wages and salary Portion or services rate Benefit of faction Merit pay Share owner WAGES AND SALRY Wages and salary is simply paying for staff performance. Mean work of employee and given reward such as a wages and salary. We could easily said simply used for business. Staff may modern existence paid the same as a fellow workers who they seem to yourself is not so productive. PORTION OR SERVICE PAY Portion or services pay such pay paying to worker on each item which they produce in set period of time. That type of payment paying to staff for the behalf of work which they did in couple of time. We could easily said with the help of services pay increase speed of work so thats why increase in productivity. Example: According to my ideas or opinion if services paying to worker they do not cluster together on quality of work as important on speed of work. As well for portion pay worker or staff they ignore the rule of company such as, health and safety. Because they trying to increase output just for portion payment. BENEFIT OF FACTION These type of financial reward mostly paid to workers such as extra their normal wages or salary. Benefit of faction paying to staff for extra ordinary work. These type of reward mostly pay to all level of managers. Such as car, free food, house, private health insurance, medical treatments etc. Example: According to my ideas these type of benefits going against and favour of company. Such help to worker and provide human and social needs. Encourage employee because he can stay or work more and better for company. And i am against because of common use to a majority of employees will increase cost able to cut or pointed. SHARE OWNERSHIP PLAN This is also financial reward for employee these type of incentive paying to senior or middle level managers who are given able to give share in company, on contrary than accurate membership of a profit sharing scheme. Example: According to my point of view if share are paying to worker they will work harder as they have share in company if company is running on profit this is also beneficial for workers. In this case worker they dont like to leave the company. As well I am against of share ownership because of this other staff in panic mean these type of benefit just paying to senior Non Financial Reward Non financial reward mean range in which money is motivator to increase performance corpse piece of an unresolved argument. Information technology held that all staff likely to over reported significance of pay in any employee critical inspection. Non financial reward inspection sign display the failure to match between people point of view what they have to be said and did with respect to pay and concluded that although pay is not same important in all individuals, we could easily said such an important general motivator that many mangers make too below estimate its importance. (Tim claydon, 2007) There are following non financial reward which is below of this line. Four weeks or monthly annual leaves Flexible benefits cash sum Flexible working as meets the needs of the business. Share save schemes Contributory pension scheme Discounted/preferential rates on a whole range of products from loans to mortgages Abraham Maslow Non Cash Incentive RECOMENDATION AND IDEAS In each point of my topic I have already give my ideas. In both condition I have represent why incentive is important and why not for organization. I have some more words to say that all combination of my whole topic which I am going to give my ideas this incentive is necessary for employee if yes so I have to explain about this. According to my point of view employee must believe producing performance I could easily said this is certain specified behaviour which have to lead known reward. The employees of the organization they must have believed that reward offered are interesting. Some employees they want edging benefit, such as pension, house rent allowances as well medical allowances because they are old workers and they want retirement security. But some employees they desire promotions because they are looking for power. Employees they must trust a set of level in individual efforts which will lead to achieve the local governing authority standard of performance. CONCLUSION The total rewards strategy for the organization will speak distinctly the overall plan for the rewards that will be offered to the employees in swap for excellent work and responsibility from them. That type of strategy is full set of rewards, both financial and non-financial, and will also develop plan which focus on performance of management. This doesnt mean that incentive at work places does not better actually according to my personal experience I proffered that it is crucial to get the best out of employees. Managers just have to find the best suitable processes to apply to the exceptional organization. REFERNCE AND BIBLOGRAPHY Julie Beardwell Tim Claydon (2007). Human Resource Management. 5th ed. london: FT Prentice Hall. 499. Dar-El, E. (1991, November 22). The productivity option. Nelson, B. (1997). 1001 ways to reward employees. Gary dessler (2005). Human resources managment. 10th ed. London: Pearson. 453. Dressler (2005). Human resources management. 10th edition. London: Pearson. Page no 455. Newspaper sources http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8049226.stm Internet sources http://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/news/tesco-investors-attack-executive-bonus-plan-455331.html?cmp=ilc-n http://www.esop-canada.com/